crest, -with the exception of a few longer white-tipped bristly hairs which can be
detected on the upper surface of the neck. These hairs are more feebly developed
than in a porcupine from Malacca corresponding to the figure and description of
Aeanthochwrm grotei, Gray,1 and which appears to be identical with B . longicauda,
Marsden, as pointed out by Dr. Sclater.* There is also in the same Museum a fresh
skin from Darjeeling with a rudimentary crest consisting of a line about three
inches long of longer spiny hairs with white tips, the longest hair measuring 2'75
inches. The general colour of this skin is dark, rather blackish-brown, the white
pectoral band not being very broad. The colour is distributed on the quills in
the same way as in JT. longicauda. The skull of this Nepal porcupine, however,
presents some difierences on the skull of B . longicauda from Malacca, chiefiy in
the form of the nasals. In the latter, the nasals extend backwards only a short
way behind the lachrymal, whereas in the former, they extend backwards on a line
nearly with the middle of the temporal fossa. The breadth, however, of these
■ bones, opposite the frontal processes of the preinaxillffi, is the same in both of
these skulls, but anteriorly the nasals of the Malacca skull are much broader than
those of the Nepal skull. In the latter, these bones also are considerably arched
from side to side, whereas in the Malacca skull they are flattened both posteriorly
anfl anteriorly. The skull of the skin from Darjeeling has the short nasals of the
Malacca skull, and another skull from the same locality exactly resembles -it, but
these two Darjeeling skulls are imperfect... They both differ from the Malacca
skull in the much less breadth of the muzzle at the base, and they are both remarkably
distinct from the skull of the porcupine sent by Hodgson from Nepal as B.
alophous, so much so that I am disposed to believe that there are two species of
obscurely crested porcupines in the Himalaya, one an eastern and the other a
western form. Hodgson, in his description of B. alophom from Nepal, refers to
its long bluff nose, the length of the muzzle being a feature of the skull of the
porcupine sent by him from Nepal under that name, and which I suppose is identical
with the species from Nepal which he first enumerated under the name of
B . nepalemis. Notwithstanding the difference in the breadth of their muzzles as
compared with the Malacca porcupine B . longicauda, their distinctness from it
is still doubtful, and I cannot determine with the limited materials at my disposal
that they are specifically identical with these Darjeeling skulls, nnlpaq the
nasals and facial portion of the skull of porcupines are .subject to much greater
variation in form than has hitherto been supposed. This view of the question would
seem to be supported by the strong external resemblance which they present in the
character and coloration of their armature generally. Even B . bengalensis, Blyth,
would seem to differ from II. longicauda chiefly in the more marked crest which it
developes, as the colour distribution is the same in both; and this remark is also
applicable, as far as external characters go, to //. hodgsoni and to the Darjeeling
porcupines, and also to 11. ywmcmensis.
1 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1866, Plate xxxi. p. 306. * Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1871, p. 23.
RUMINANTIA.
Genus N e m o e h e d u s , Ham. Smith.
* N e m o b h e d u s b u b a l i n a , Hodgson.
Antelope bubalina, Hodg. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1832, p. 12.
Antelope thar, Hodg. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1833, p. 105 ; ibid. 1834, p. 99; Joum. As. Sqc. Beng.
vol. i. 1832, p. 346; ibid. vol. iv. 1835, p. 489.
1Vamorhedus thar, Hodg. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1834, p. 86; Joum. As. Soc. Beng. vol. iv. 1835,
p. 489.
Capricornis thur, Ogilby, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1886,.p. 139.
Kemas proclim» vel thar, Hodg. Joum. As. Soc. Beng. 1841, vol. x. p. 913; Cal. Joum. Nat. Hist,
voi; iv. 1844, p. 201.
Capricornis bubalina, Gray, List Mamm. Brit. Mus. 1843, p. 166 et ibid. 1878, p. 91; Cat. Mamm.
etc. Nepal, 1846, p. 27 ; Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1846, vol. xviii. p. 232; Proc. Zool. Soc.
Lond. 1850, p. 185; Cat. Mamm. pt. iii. Brit. Mus. 1852, p. I l l ; E. Ind. Co.’s Mus. 1851,
p. 168; Horsfield, Cat. Mamm. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1856, p. 403; A. S. Adams, Proc.
Zool. Soc. Lond. 1858, p. 522; Blyth, Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. 1863,.p. 174.
Ncemorhedus bubalina, Jerd. Mamm. Ind. 1867, p. 283.
In the valley'of Sanda, in the western province of Yunnan, I obtained two
skins of two species of goat-antelope, one of which agrees with Hodgson’s type
in the British Museum, with which I have compared it, whilst the other appears
to be an example of the next species to he described. These goat-antelopes are not
uncommon on the precipitous higher ranges of mountains which rise to an elevation
of 6,000 to 7,000 feet, and which are only very partially clad with forest in the
ravines and hollows.
The flTnrnfll is known to the Leesaws of the Sanda valley as the Nga, to the
Shans as Paypa, and to the Chinese as Shanli.
* N e m o r h e d u s e d w a k d s i i , David.
Capricornis Milne-edwardsii, A. David, Nouv. Arch, du Mus. 1869, t. v. Bull. p. lQ^v ■
Vamorhedus edtoardsii, A. David, Nouv. Arch, du Mus. t. vii. Bull. p. 90.
Antelope (Vamorhedus) edtoardsii, A. M.-Edw. Rech. des. Mammif. 1868 e t 1874, p. 864, pis. xlix.
et xliii.
This species is distinguished from N. bubalina by the uniform brownish-black
colour of the upper parts, which tends to ferruginous on the thighs, and by the
red colour of the lower parts of the legs, which are grey in JE. bubalina. I t is