of many living Macaques from various parts of Burma and the Malayan peninsula
does not support the line of distinction that Cuvier has drawn between the Macaque
a f Me „ „ ire and the Macaque A face tarmie, for among these there are faces so
coloured as to lead from the one of these extremes into the other.
Cuvier also states that the head of M. cynomolgm has neither tuft nor crest,
and tha t the hair of the summit lies uniformly baokwards, whioh are also the
features of M. carbonarius as represented by him. But both livid and dusky-faced
Macaques may not unfrequently be observed in which the hair on the vertex has a
distinct tendency to assume an erect character, and others in which it shows an
inclination to radiate from a centre. One example has come under my notice in
which there were two such areas of radiation, one on each side of the centre of the
mesial line, gathering, as it were, the hair between them, and directing it upwards and
forwards in a kind of crest. The cresting of the head thus appears to be a variable
Specimens have been observed intermediate between M. carbonarius and M.
aureus, differing only in inconsiderable modifications of colour; some have associated
with the dark face of M. carbonarius the rufous colour of M. aureus. Those monkeys
which are referable to M. carbonarius appear to be more distinctive of the Nicobars,
Sumatra, the neighbouring islands, and the Malayan peninsula, than of Burma, in
whioh the more typical form of M. cynomolgus prevails, and of which the foregoing
male described by me is a characteristic example.
The monkeys referable to M. aureus wbich are found in the Calcutta market
are brought, as a rule, from Singapore, hut we do not possess any exact information
regarding the habitat of this race. The type of M. aureus described by
M. Is. Geoff. St.-Hilaire as a native of Bengal was in all probability a market
specimen, as no monkey resembling M. cynomolgus is indigenous to Bengal.
A race nearly allied to that of M. aweus has lately been described by
Dr. Gray from Borneo under the name of M. cristatus. The fur, in its light yellow
colour, approaches the albino race from the Philippines, which has also occasionally
a central top-knot, to which Is, Geoff. St. Hil. attached considerable importance.
In the Negris Islands, the Macaque has likewise the hair on the vertex somewhat
erect, with pale temples, the fur generally being rather rich brownish olive, and the
tail blackish brown. This race approaches M. carbonarius. Another race | | the
widely-distributed species is found in Timor and in the Celebes.
The Siamese race of this species, which was erroneously regarded by Dr. Gray
as M. assmnensis, M'Clelland, is rather paler and with less orange in the annulations
of the fur than is generally the case in its Burmese and Malayan representatives,
and in its general colour it is resembled by examples from the Island of Plores.
The Macaque, M. fu r , Slack, which has been described from the Island of Luzon,.
to which locality the late M. Jules Yerraux informed Mr. Slack that it was
confined, is so doubtfully , distinct fiom M. cynomolgm th a t I have included it as a
synonym.
I append the following synopsis of the remaining Asiatic Macaques :
M a c a c u s n e m e s t r i n u s , Linn.
The 'Big-tailed Monkey, Edwards, Gleanings, &c., 1758, tab. §gjg vol. v. pp. 8-10.
Le Maitnon ou Singe à queue de cochon, BufEon, Hist. Nat. vol. xiv. 1766, pp. 176 et 179, pi.
The Big-tailed Baboon, Pennant, Syn. Mamm. 1771, p. 105 j Hist. Quad. vol. i. 3rd ed. 1793, p. 193.
Le Maimon, Audebert, Hist. Nat. des Singes, 1797, 2™ fam. sect. i. pi. i. ; Latreille, BufEon, Hist.
Nat. (Sonnini)., vol. xxv.1809, p. 298. . " ' „ , . .
Smia, ameatrma, Liim. Syst. Nat. 12th ea. vol. i. 1766, p. 86; Schreber SSiq-eth. vol i. 1776,
p. 79, pi. ix. ; Boddaert, Elench. An. 1785, p. 57 ; Gmelin, Linn. Syst. Nat. 18th ed. 1788, p. 28 ;
Shaw, Gen. Zool. vol. i. pt. i. 1830, p. 25, pi. xiv.
Papio nemestrinus, Erxleben, Syet. Reg. An. 1777, p:«0; Zimmermann, Geograph. Gesoh. vol. u.
1780 ; Cantor, Joum. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xv. 1846, p. 176.
OyMoayhalm ameatnnua, Latreille, Hist. Nat. de Buffon (Sommn) 1809, p. 291
Geoff. St.-Hil. Ann. du Mus. 1812, vol. air. p, 101 ; Kuhl, Beitr zur g g j g g j
p. 17 • Blyth, Joum. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xvi. 1847, p. 781 ; Cat. Mamm. As. Soc. Mus. 1863, p. 7.
Pithcma nemeatrima, Desmarest, Nonv. Diet. d’Hist. Nat. 1817, vol. aviii. p. 825 ; Griffith, An.
Kingd. vol. v. 1*827, p. 18. -i t
Macacus n&matrinus, P. Cuv., Hist. Nat. dee Mammif. Août 1820, pi. alii. Jan. 1822, pi. ahv.;
Desmarest, Mamm. 1820, p. 66 ; Diet, des Se. Nat. 1828, vol. aavii. p. 469; Lesson, Man.
des Mamm 1827, p. 48 ; Sp. des Mammif. 1840, p. 96 ; G. Cuv., Règn. An. nouv. éd. vol. i.
1829 p 96; Pischer, Syn. Mamm. 1829, p. 29; Is. Geoff. St.-Hil. Toy. de Bélanger, Zool.
1884 p. 60 ; Waterhouse, Cat. Mamm. Zool. Soo. Mus. 2nd ed. 1888, p. 8 ; Wagner, Schreber,
Saugéth Suppl. vol. i. 1840. p. 148; Gray, Hand-list. Mamm. B. M. 1848, p. 7 ; Schinz,
Syn Mamm. vol. ii. 1844, p. 68 ; Horsield, Cat. Mamm. E. Ind. Co. Mus: 1861, p. 12 ;
Gervais, Hist. Nat. des Mammif. 1864, p. 92 (figure of head) ; Cat. Monkeys and Lemurs, B. M.
1870, p. 29.
Smia carpàlegua, Raffles, Trans. Linn. S°e. l028i p. 243. „
Innttns (Biema) nemeatrima, Wagner, Schreber, Sangeth. Suppl. vol. v. 1866, p. 67.
Pithema [Macacus] nemeatrinua, Dahlbom, Stud. Zool. Pam. Reg. An. 1856, pp. 115,118.
The general colour is a decided olive, tending in some animals to brown, the
variation in colour being due to the relative development of the yellow and
black rings on the hair. The rings occur’ on the exposed portion of the'hair, the
hidden part of whioh is grey. The upper surface of the head, the mesial line of
the hack, and the upper surface of the tail near its base, are deep brown or even
blackish, more especially on the head and over the hind quarters. The extremities
pale towards the hands and feet, which are light olive-brown. The outsides of
the tbighs have an olive-grey tint. Some animals, however, especially the fully
grown ones, are almost uniformly coloured deep olive-brown, except on the blackish
head and the middle line of the hack. The sides of the face and the under surfaces
generally are greyish, tending to white ; but on the sides of the face the hair is
washed with a dark, almost blackish, grey. The face is nude, of a dusky flesh-colour,
whioh is the tin t also pervading the almost naked ears and the callosities. A few
scattered hairs oocur about the month. On the top of the head, especially on the
dark-coloured area, the hairs in the adult are short, rather erect and profuse ; on
the under parts they are rather sparse, especially on the belly. The muzzle is rather