Co., vol. i, p. 166, 1854; Jerdon, B. Ind., vol. i, p. 408, 1862 ; Stoliczka, Joum. As. Soc.,
Bengal, vol. xxxvii, 1868, p. 26; G. King, t. c., p. 215; Swinhoe, Proe.Zool. Soc., 1871, p. 875;
Hume, Stray Feathers, vol. ii, p. 473, 1874; Godwin-Austen, Journ. As. Soc., vol. xlv, 1876,
p. 71; Hume, Stray Feathers, 1877, p. 29. '
Collurio obscurior, Hodgs., in Gray's Zool. Misc., p. 84, 1849.
a. $ Katha, 19th January 1868.
b. 5 Shuaygoomyo, 21st January 1868.
c. ? Sawady, 28th February 1875.
The dark cinereous of the hack has a slightly olive tinge ahove the rufous
area of its lower part and the upper tail-coverts. In a young male there is no
black streak in front of the eyes, and the lores are rather whitish, and there is a
pale streak over and behind the eye. The ear-coverts are reddish-brown. The
cinereous of the upper surface has a faint olive tinge throughout, and the rufous
of the lower back and tail-coverts spreads further upwards. The central tail
feathers are reddish-brown, and the lateral ones are of a paler tint. They are all
faintly and finely barred, and the two longest feathers have pale rufous tips. The
wings are dull brown, and a few of the secondaries have rufous margins. The chin
and throat are dirty white, and the sides of the throat and neck and the breast are
white, with a tinge of rufous with narrow, wavy, dull brown transverse bands.
The rufous is brightest on the sides of the chest and the abdomen. The abdomen,
flanks and lower tail-coverts are rufous white, the rufous being strongest on the
flanks.
1 3 9 . L a n iu s n ig r ic e p s , F r a n k l i n .
Collurio nigriceps, Frankl., Proc. Zool. Soc., 1881, p. 117; Gray, Handl. B., vol. i, p. 392, 1869 •
Hume, Nests and Eggs, Ind. B., p. 172.
Lanius nigriceps, Jerdon, Madr. Joum., vol. x, p. 236, 1839; id., 111. Ind. Orn., pi. xvii, 1847 •
Gray, Gen. B., vol. i, p. 290, t. 71, 1847; Blyth, Cat. B. Mus., As. Soc., Bengal, 1849, p. 151;
Ibis, 1870, p. 164; Horsf. & Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E. Ind. Co., vol. i, p. 166, 1854; Jerdon,
B. Ind., vol. i, p. 404, 1862; Beavan, Ibis, 1870, p. 311; Hume, Stray Feathers, p. 473,
1874, p. 29.
a. i Bliamo, 6th February 1868.
b. S Bhamd, 20th January 1875.
c. d. BhamS, 10th and 20th February 1868.
e. Js Kamoonee, left bank of Tapeng river, 11th February 1875.
f . g. i. g Ponsee, 11th and 16th March 1868.
i. t Sanda, 28th July 1868.
These birds and others from Cachar in the Indian Museum, Calcutta, have
the black extending a little further down the back than is usual in Bengal
specimens, and in an adult from the latter locality, the ashy band bordering the
black of the nape is present only in the faintest trace. The backs of freshly killed
Bengal adult specimens are more chestnut than rufous, but these Burmese and
Yunnan birds are slightly paler, and the ashy band in nearly all fades into the
black.
This is a common species about Bhamd, but it becomes less abundant, as we
ascend the Kakhyen hills and reach the long elevated valley of Sanda, to the east
of which, I did not observe it. In the Irawady valley, I always found it in the
neighbourhood of long grass, in marshy unfrequented places; and on the hills, in
grassy hollows surrounded by the jungle, and through which some stream ran. I
did not observe it below Bhamd.
1 4 0 . L a n i u s c r i s t a t u s , Linnaeus.
The Crested Red or Russet Butcher-Bird, Edwards, N. H. Birds, ii, p. 54, pi. liv, 1747.
la Pie-Griesche rousse de Bengale, Briss. Om., ii, p. 173, 1760.
lanius cristatus, Linn., Syst. Nat., t. i, p. 134, 1766; Gray, Cat. Mamm., &c., Nepal, Hodgs.,
p, 100, 1846; Jerdon, B. Ind., vol. i, p. 406, 1862; Beavan, Ibis, 1865, p. 418; id., op. cit.,
1870, p. 812 ; Walden, Ibis, 1867, p. 212; Gray, Handl. B., vol. i, p. 393, 1869; Swinhoe,'
Proc. Zool. Soc., 1871, p. 375; Holdsw., Proc. Zool. Soc., 1872, p. 436; Hume & Henders.,
Lahore to Yarkand, p. 182, 1873; Hume, Nests and Eggs, Ind. B., p. 175, 1873; Blyth &
Walden, Joum. As. Soc., Bengal, vol. xliv, 1875, ex. No., p. 121; Ball, Stray Feathers, 1878,
p. 65; Hume, op. cit., 1874, p. 198; Ball, t. c., p. 399 ; Hume, i. e., p. 473; Hume, op. cit.,
1875, p. 91; Butler, i. c., p. 464; Fairbank, op. cit., 1876, p. 256; Armstrong, t. c., p. 316;
Hume, op. cit., 1877, p. 29 ; Butler, t. c., p. 228.
lanius phoenicurus, Pall. Reis., Bd. iii, p. 693,1776 ; Gm., Syst. Nat., t. i, p. 309, 1788; Sundev.,
K. Vet. Akad., Stockhl., 1840, p. 86; Midd., Sibir. Reis., Bd. ii, p. 188, 1851; Blasius,
Naum., 1858, p. 810; id., Ibis, 1862, p. 66; Schrenk, Amur-Reis., Bd. i, p. 884,1860; Radde,
Reis. Ost-Sibir., Bd. ii, p. 277, 1868; Walden, Ibis, 1867, p. 216, pi. v, fig. 2; Gray, Handl.
B., i, p. 898; Przew., in Rowley's Om. Misc., part vi, p. 274.
Crested Red Shrike, Lath., Gen. Syn., vol. i, pt. i, pp. 170,178.
lanius melanotis, Valenc., Diet. Sci. Nat., xl, p. 227, 1826 ; Pucher. Arch. Mus., t. vii, p. 424.
lanius ferrugiceps, Hodgs., Ind. Review, 1887, p. 446.
Colluris ferrugiceps, Hodgs., in Gray's Zool. Misc., p. 84,1844.
Enneoctonus lucionensis, Gray, Gen. B., vol. i, p. 291, 1847; Swinhoe, Ibis, 1804, p. 420.
Emeoctonus phcenicurus, Gray, Gen. B., vol. i, p. 291, 1847; Bonap. Consp., t. i, p. 362, 1850 ;
Cab., Mus. Hein., th. i, p. 72,1850.
Ermeoctonus cristatus, Bonap. Consp., t. i, p. 362,1850; Cab., Mus. Hein., th. i, p. 72,1850; Horsf.
& Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E. Ind. Co., vol. i, p. 167,1854,
Otomela phcenicura, Bonap., Rev. et Mag. de Zool., 1858, p. 436.
Otomela cristatus, Bonap., t. c., p. 437; Schalow, Journ. f. Om., 1875; p. 180.
a. $ Ponsee, May 1868.
Among nineteen specimens of L . cristatus from the same locality, the rufous
is not alike in two, and in one specimen the head and the back of the neck are
marked off distinctly from the rufous-olive of the back. I think there can be
little doubt .that this amount of variation depends greatly on the age of the specimens.
In two specimens from Amoy referred by Swinhoe to L . lucionensis, but
of different ages, the light slaty frontal area in one extends further back than in
the other which has the top of the head darker.
This bird was not uncommon about the village of Ponsee.