B. Ind., vol. iii, p. 858, 1864; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1868, p. 268, et 1871, p. 683;
Swinhoe, I . 1|| p. 420 ; Bocage, Joum. Lisb., 1871, p. 174; Hume, Stray Feathers, 1878, p. 288;
1874, p. 821; 1875, p. 194; Blyth & Walden, Joum. As. Soc., Bengal, vol. xliv, ex. No.,
p. 164, 1875 ; Hume, Nests and Eggs, p. 658, 1875 ; Butler & Hume, Stray Feathers, 1876,
p. 83; Hume, t. c., p. 224; t. c., p. 279 ; Hume, op. cit., 1877, p. 169 ; Oates, t. c., p. 235.
Peiecanus rvfescens (pt.), Elliot, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1869, p. 584.
a. Sf b. Bhamô, 12th September 1868.
c. fy d. Molay river, 7th September 1868.
I shot four specimens of this species on the Upper Irawady, where they were
very abundant in the month of September. I had passed over the same ground on
the previous February without seeing any, but in September, in favourite haunts,
they were gathered in large flocks. At the mouth of the Molay river, a few miles
above Bhamô, there was in September a pelicanry occupying about four or five large,
but not very high trees, which were white with these birds.
Among the above birds there is but one adult.
Family— GJRACULID2E.
Gehus'P h a l a c r o c o r a x , Brisson.
2 2 4 . P h a la c r o c o r a x ca r b o , Linn.
Xe Cormoran, Briss. Ora., t. vi, p. 511, 1760; Buff., PI. Enl., ix, pi. 9.27.
Peiecanus carbo, Linn., Syst. Nat., t. i, p. 216, 1766.
Carbo cortnoranus, Meyer & Wolf, Tasch. Deutscbl., Bd. ii, p. 576, 1810; Mdnetr., Cat. Rais.
Zool. Caucase, p. 55, 1882.
Phalacrocorax carbo, Leach, Syst. Cat. Mamm., &c., B. M., p. 34, 1816; Steph. Gen. Zool.,
vol. xiii, p. 76, 1826; Gould, B. Eur., vol. v, pi. 407, 1887; Audub., B. Amer., t. vii, p. 128,
pi. 415, 1842-; Bonap. Consp., t. ii, p. 168, 1857; Hartl., Om., W. Afr., p. 259,1857;
Schrenk, Reis. Amurl., p. 488, 1859; Radde, Reis. Sibir., p. 879, 1868; Degl. & Gerbe,
Orn., Eur., vol. ii, p. 852, 1867; Doderl., Avif. Sicil., p. 224, 1869; Swinhoe, Proc. Zool.
Soc., 1871, p. 420; Shelley, B. Egypt, p. 295, 1872; Gould, B. Brit., v, pi. lii, 1873;'
Sharpe, Voy. Erebus & Terror, Birds, p. 87; Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 414; Schalow, Joum.
für Omith., 1876, p. 5.
Hydrocorax carbo, "Vieill., N. Diet. d^Hist. Nat., t. viii, p. 83,1817.
Peiecanus sinensis, Shaw & Nodder., Nat. Misc., vol. xiii, pi. 529 (c. 1820).
Phalacrocorax nova-hollandia, Steph. Gen. Zool., vol. xiii, p. 93,1826; Bonap. Consp., t. ii, ¡p.-. 169,
1857; Buller, B., N. Zeal., p. 325, 187,3.
Carbo leucogaster, Meyer, N. Act. N. Cuv., 1838, pi. xxii.
Cormoranus crassirostris, Baillon, Mem. Soc. Abbev.-, 1884, p. 77.
Phalacrocorax carboides, Gould, Proc, Zool. Soc., 1837, p. 156; id., B. Austr., vol. vii, pi. lxvi,
1848.
Phalacrocorax medius, Nilss., Skand. Faun.; t. ii, p. 478, 1835.
Haliaus cormoranus, Naum., Vög. Deutschi., Bd. xi, p. 52, 1842.
Graculus carbo, Gray, Gen. B., vol. iii, p. 667, 1845; Reichenb., Handb. Natat., figs. 362-65,
1855; Baird, B. N. Amer., p. 876, 1858; Jerdon, B. Ind., vol. iii, p. 867, 1868; Schl., Mus.
P.-B. Pelecani, p. 6, 1863; Layard, B. S. Afr., p. 380, 1867; Godwin-Austen, Joum. As.
Soc., Bengal, xxxix, p. 275, 1870; Gray, Handl. B., iii, p. 127, 1871; David, N. Arch.
Mus., vii, Bull., p. 14, 1871; Hume, Stray Feathers, 1873, p. 289; Adam., t. c., p. 408;
Ball, Stray Feathers, 1874, p. 440; Stoliczka, t.c ., p. 465; Hume, t. c., p. 484; Stoliczka,
Stray Feathers, 1875, p. 220; Brooks, t. c., p. 257 ; Oates, t. c., p. 849; Hume, Nests and
Eggs, Ind. B., p. 659, 1874; Blyth & Walden,' Joum. As. Soc., Bengal, vol. xliv, extra
No., p. 164, 1875; Blanford, East. Persia, p. 298, 1876; Butler fe Hume, Stray Feathers,
1876, p. 88; Scully, t. c., p. 204 ; Hume, t. c., p. 224; Oates, op. oil., 1877, p. 169; Butler,
I. c., pp. 225, 235.
Carbo graculus, Pucher., Rev. Zool., 1850, p. 681.
Carbo Jilamentosus, Temm. & Schl., F. J . Aves, p. 129, 185Q,
Carbo capillatus, Temm. & Schl., F. J . Aves, pis. Ixxxiii, lxxxiv, 1858.
Phalacrocorax capillatus, Bonap., Consp. Av., t. ii, p. 168,1857.
Phalacrocorax macrorhynchus, Bonap., t. c., p. 169, 1857.
Phalacrocorax sinensis, Bonap., t. c., p. 169, 1857.
Graculus sinensis, Jerdon, B. Ind., vol. iii, p. 862, 1863 ; Butler, Stray Feathers, 1876, p. 88.
Carbo phalacrocorax var. continentalis, Severtzoff, Turkest. Jevotn., 1873, p. 414.
a. Bhamò, July 1868.
This species is comparatively rare in Upper Burma, as compared with the
smaller cormorant.
2 2 5 . P h a l a c r o c o r a x pygmasus, Pallas.
Peiecanus pygmaus, Pall., Reis., t. ii, Anhang., p. 712, 1773.
Phalacrocorax pygmaus, Pall., Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., vol. ii, p. 800, pi. Ixxiv, 1811 ; Gould, B. Eur., v,
pi. 409, 1837; Demid., Voy. Russ. Mérid., iii, p. 803, 1840; Brehm, Naum., 1855, p. 296;
Linderm., Vog. Griecheiil., p. 167,1860 ; Filippi, Viagg. Pers., p. 352,1865 ; Degl, e t Gerbe,
Om. Eur., Bd. ii, p. 856, 1867; Doderl., Avif. Sicil., p. 227, 1869; Shelley, B. Egypt,
p. 295, 1872 ; Dresser, B. Eur., pt. lii, 1877.
Carbo pygmaus, Temm., Man. d'Orn., 1815,,p. 591.
Hydrocorax pygmaus, Vieill., N. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., p. 88,1817.
Hydrocorax niger, Vieill., t. c., p. 88,1817.
Carbo javanicus, Horsf., Tr. Linn. Soc., vol. xiii, p. 197, 1822.
Carbo melanognathus, Brandt, Bull. Acad. Sci., St. Petersb., Bd. iii, p. 57, 1838.
Haliaus pygmaus, Naum., Vog. Deutschl., xi, p. 112, taf. 281, 1842; Bonap. Consp., t. ii, p. 179,
1857 ; Loche, Expl. Sci. Alger., t. ii, p. 166, 1867.
Graculus pygmaus, Gray, Gen. B., vol. iii, p. 667, 1849 ; Blyth, Cat. B., Mus. As. Soc., Bengal,
p. 298, 1849; Gray, Handl. B., vol. iii, p. 129, 1871; Blyth & Walden, Joum. As. Soc.,
Bengal, vol. xliv, extra No., p. 164, 1875; Blanford, East. Pers., p. 298, 1876; Fairbank,
Stray Feathers, 1876, p. 264 ; Hume, Stray Feathers, 1877, p. 47 ; Oates, t. c., p. 170.
Carlo niepcii, Malh., Faun. Orn. Alger., p. 88, 1855.
Microcarbo pygmaus, Bonap., Cat. Parzud., p. 10, 1856 ; Salvad., Ucc. Bom., p. 866, 1874.
Haliaus melanognathus, Bonap. Consp., t. ii, p. 179, 1857.
Haliaus algeriensis, Bonap., t. c., p. 179, 1857.
Haliaus javanicus, Bonap., t. c., p. 179, 1857.
Haliaus niger, Bonap., t.c ., p. 179, 1857.
Graculus javanicus, Jerdon, B. I n d .,‘vol. iii, p. 868, 1864; Godwin-Austen, Joum. As. Soc.,
Bengal, vol. xxxix, p. 275, 1870 ; Holdsw., Proc. Zoòl. Soc., 1872, p. 483 ; Butler & Hume,
Stray Feathers, 1876, p. 84.
Graculus melanognathos, Hume, Stray Feathers, 1878, p. 289 ; Adam., t. c., p. 408; Hume, 1874,
p. 484 ; id., Nests and Eggs, Ind. B., p. 660, 1874; id., Stray Feathers, 1875, p.-194.
a. Tapeng, 1st March 1868.
b. c. Muangla, 22nd May 1868.