S e m n o p h h e o t j s THAYEEI, Blyttt.
Semnopitlecus ßba/rei, Blytli, Jonm. As. Son. vol. xvi. 1847, p. 788, pl. x m fig. 8 ; IM ,
p. 1271 ; Wagner, Schieber, Säugeth. Snppl. vol. v. 1855, p. 28, Tlckell, Joura. As. Soo.
Bengal; vol. xxviii. 1859, p. 428.
A somewhat peaked median crest on the vertex, long outwardly-direoted
whiskers, and white eyelids and lips.
The general colour is brown, passing into blackish brown on the antibrachium
and on the hands, and into the same colour on the anterior two-thirds of the feet
and on the last third of the tail. The hack between the shoulders to the loins is
faintly washed with yellowish brown. The chin, chest, and belly are pale yellow,
ps-riT,; on the inside of the brachium and thigh into brownish. No pale streak on the
inside of the limbs. Lips and area around the eyes pinkish white, the remainder
of the face dark leaden.
Length of body 1' 6'20, tail 1' 9*20.
The skull has the interorbital space of moderate length, the forehead rather
full, hut the supraorbital ridges are not strongly developed, whilst the external
orbital angle of the frontal is rather prominent in adults.
The greatest breadth of the orbits is from the internal frontal angle obliquely
downwards and outwards across the orbit, whereas in S. barbei and S. obsoums the
orbits are nearly round.
In the fully adult ferine male type, the ridges marking the attachments of the
temporal muscles do not meet in the middle line, hut are separated by about an
interval of 1 inch. The brain-case is upwardly tilted, so that the occipital region is
nearly vertical. Associated with this upward tilting of the brain-case is a down-
ward slope of the facial region.
This species has hitherto been recorded only from Arracan.
S e m n o p i t h e c u s m e l a l o p h u s , P . C u y .1
SmnmH'Cu, mhlofhm, P. Cuv. Hist. Nat. des Mammif. July 1821,,pi. ix.; Desmarest Mamm.
1822 Suppl. p. 588; Baffles, Trans. Lm. Soo. vol. xrii. 1822, p. 245; Desmoulins, Duet.
Class d’Hist. Nat. vol. vii. 1Í25, p. 568; Grifflüi, An. King. vol. v. 1827, p. 10; G. Cuvier,
Rte An (nouv. M.) vol. i. 1829, p. 94; Lesson, Man. de' Mamm. 1827, p. 41 ; Desmarest,
Diet des So. Nat. vol. ilviii. 1827, p. 88; Fischer, Syn. Mamm. 1829, p. 14; Is. Geoff.
St.-Hil.Zool.dnVoy.de Bélanger, 1884, p,40; Müller, Tijdschr. voor Natnur. Gesch. en
Fhys vol ii. 1885, p. 827; Waterhouse, Cot. Mamm. Zool. Soc. Mus. 1888, p. 4; Martin,
chariesworth’s Mag. Nat. Hist, (new.ser.) vol. ii. 1888, p. 488; Wagner, Schreber, Säugeth.
Suppl vol. i. 1840, p. 85 ; Lessou, Sp. des Mammif. 1840, p. 61 ; Martin, Nat. Hist. Quad.
1841 p 470 • Müller und Schlegel, Verband]. 1839-44, pp. 60, 66, tab. 12 bis (fig. bead) ;
Schis, Syn.’Mamm. 1844, vol. i. p. 86; Is. Geoff. St-Hil. Cat. Méthod. des Mammif.
1851, p. .16; Gervais, Hist. Nat. des Mammif. 1854, p. 68, (fig. head); Wagner, Schreber,
i In Hist. Nat. de Mammif., this name is written melakphas, and in the Index melanopAus, so both these terms
have come to be applied.
Säugeth. Suppl. vol. v. 1855, p. 21 ; Dahlbom, Stud. Zool. Fam. Reg. An. 1856, pp. 88, 90 ;
Gray, Cat. Monkeys and Lemurs, B. M. 1870, p. 16 ; Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. vol. xliv. 1875,
ex. no. p. 10.
Semnopithecus flavimanus, Lesson, Cent. Zool 1880, Augt. p. 109,pi. xl.j Is. Geoff. St.-Hil. Zool. du Yoy.
de Bélanger, 1834, p. 89 ; Waterhouse, Cat. Mus. Zool. Soc. Lond. 2nd ed. 1838, p. 4; Martin,
Charleswortb’s Mag. Nat. Hist, (new ser.) vol. ii. 1888, p. 438 ; Lesson, Sp. des Mammif.
1840, p. 60; Martin, Nat. Hist. Quad. 1841, p. 470, fig. 284; Is. Geoff. St.-Hil. Comptes
Rendus, vol. xv. 1842, p. 719; Arch, du Mus. vol. ii. 1843, p. 548; Miiller und Schlegel,
Verhandl. 1889-44, pp. 61, 67 ; Schinz, Syn. Mamm. vol. i. 1844, p. 87 ; Horsfield, Cat.
Mamm. E. Ind. Co. Mus. 1851, pp. 11-14; Is. Geoff. St.-Hil. Cat. Méthod. des Mammif.
1851, p. 16; Gervais, Hist. Nat. des Mammif. 1854, p. 68; Dahlbom, Stud. Zool. Fam. Reg.
An. 1856, pp. 88-90.'
Semnopithecus sumatranus, var. aurata, Miiller und Schlegel, Verhandl. 1839-44, pi. x.. bis, fig. 2,
head of $ .
Presbytes melanophus, Gray, Hand-list Mamm. B. M. 1848, p. 2.
Presbytes flavimana, Gray, Hand-list Mamm. B. M. 1843, p. 2.
Presbytes nobilis, Gray, Hand-list Mamm. B. M. 1843, p. 8; Is. Geoff. St.-Hil. Arch, du Mus. vol. ii.
1843, p. 545 ; Blyth, Journ. As. Soc. vol. xiii. 1844, p. 476 ; Ibid, 1875, vol. xliv. ex. no, p. 11.
Semnopithecus nobilis, Gray, Cat. Monkeys and Lemurs', B. M. 1870, p. 17 ; Gervais, Hist. Nat. des
Mammif. 1854, p. 68.
A careful consideration of the typical specimens of the monkeys which have
been described under the names S. melalophus, Raffles, S. flavimanus, S. sumatranus 9
var. aurata, Müller and Schlegel, and S. nobilis, Gray, has led me to form the
opinion that they are all referable to one species which is found in Sumatra and in
the Malayan peninsula. The key which opens out this view of their relations is
the form which has been described by Müller and Schlegel as the female of
S. sumatranus under the name of variety aurata. But apart altogether from that
specimen, a comparison of the types of S. melalophus and S. flavimanus which I
made in Paris, has convinced me th a t the latter is only a variety of the former, as it
has a similarly formed crest which in its dusky tipping conforms to the character
which has been selected by Raffles as distinctive of the species ; and in another
specimen referred in the Paris Museum to S. flavimanus, the forehead is pale
yellowish, and, as in S. melalophus, the crest and a narrow line over the ear to the
external orbital angle are dark brown. The upper surface and shoulder of the type
specimen are reddish washed with pale brown, the rest of .the fore-limbs and the
whole of the hinder extremities and the tail are pale orange-red or a paler tin t of
the same colour as S. melalophus. All of these specimens have the same proportions,
and their crests are alike. An examination of the type of S. nobilis in the British
Museum does not reveal any differences between it and S. melalophus.
S. sumatranus var. aurata is generally yellowish throughout, with the exception
of a few brownish hairs which tend sometimes to group themselves irregularly—a
circumstance which Müller and Schlegel thought indicated that this yellow garb
was transitional. But I am inclined to think tha t this will be found not to be the
case, as numerous adult male and female monkeys exhibiting these characters with
but little variation have been under my observation dead and alive, and all of them
appeared to be specifically identical with S. melalophus.