Mus 1851, pp. 18,14; Jacquemont et Pucheran, Yoy. au Pole Sud. Zool. vol. iii. 1853, p. 22,
Pis. 8 and 4; Dahlbom, Stud. Zool. Fam. Reg. An. 1856, pp. 88, 89; Gray, Cat. Monkeys
and Lemurs, B. M. 1870, p. 15.
The specimen of S. cristatus in the Indian Museum, London, presented by
Sir Stamford Baffles as an example of this species, and which may therefore be
regarded as the type, is a brownish-black monkey tinged with fuliginous on the
flanks, fore-arm, and crest, but not more so than examples of S. maurua are occasionally
with grey. Baffles describes the species as dark grey, the hairs being in
general black, with white tips. The face, fore-arms, hands and feet are black, and
the upper surface of the tail nearly black, the under parts of the body paler, the
hair of the head diverging round the face and forming on the top a kind of
crest. Miiller and Sohlegel describe the face, ears, and under surface of hands coal
black, as in S. maurus, which supports Baffles’ statement as to the colour of the
face and which has been questioned by some naturalists. Baffles also describes a
variety of this animal as light grey or whitish.
In the size and proportions of its parts the speoies closely resembles S.
mmrus, and many zoologists have considered it merely as a local race of that
form, an opinion justifiable from the mere consideration of their external characters,
but it remains to be ascertained whether these views are supported by the
structure of their skeletons. There can be no doubt that S. cristatus is much
more variable than S. maims, but a t the same time monkeys from Sumatra are
found quite as black as S. maurus, and with the essential features of. that species.
Muffler and Sohlegel were of the opinion that S. cristatus was only recognisable
from the latter by its grey fur, and they extend its distribution to Borneo as
well as Sumatra. The monkeys of this group from these islands are characterised
by their black feces, black or blackish-brown fur, nearly similarly .crested heads
and like proportions of body. Much, however, has yet to be learned regarding
them and the changes they undergo from youth to age in both sexes. ^ ^
Length of the bo'iy to the von*. . ■ ' • •
,j of tail • • •.........................................................
The young are reddish fawn, hut the hands and feet gradually change through
greyish brown to the colour of the adult, the crest also with increasing age becoming
directed forwards. I .
I have not had an opportunity to examine the skull of this species, which
has large orbits.1
Habitat.—Sumatra and Borneo.
S e m n o p i t h e c u s f e m o r a l i s , Horsfield.
Simia maura, Raffles, Trans. Lin. Soc. vol. xiii. 1822, p. 247. ■
Semnopithecus femoralis, ¡H I Appendix, Life, Six T. Snaffles, 1830, p. 6,13
Oat. Zool. Soe. Mus. Lond. 1888, 2nd ed. p. 5; Martin, Charlesworth s Mag. Nat. Hist, new
1 Martin, I. e., p . 476.
ser. vol. ii. 1888, p. 486 ; Nat. Hist. Quadrumana, 1841, p. 480 (in part) ; Horsfield, Cat.
Mamm. E. Ind. Co. Mus. 1851, p. 10 ; Is. Geoff. St.-Hil. Cat. Méthod des Mammif. 1851,
p. 15; Gervais, Hist. Nat. des Mammif. 1854, p. 62; Dahlbom, Stud. Fam. Zool. Reg. An.
1856, pp. 88, 90 ; Gray, Cat. Monkeys and Lemurs, B. M. 1870, p. 16.
Semnopithecus chrysomelas, Miiller, Tijdsch. voor. Natuur. Gesch. vol. v. pt. i. and ii. (1888),
(Plate), p. 138; Miiller und Schlegel, Verhandl. 1839-44, p. 61. Ap. 71, tab. 10, figs. 1 and
2 $ and $ , tab. 11, figs. 2 and 8 ; Sch in z , Syn. Mamm. vol. i. 1844, p. 87 ; Jacquemont and
Pucheran, Yoy. au Pole Sud. Zool. vol. iii. 1853, p. 22 ; Wagner, Schreber, Säugeth. Suppl.
vol. i. 1840, p. 22, Suppl. vol. v. 1855, in part, p. 22.
Semnopithecus sumatranus, Miiller und Schlegel, Verhandl. 1889-44, pp. 6, 73, tab. 10 bis,
fig. 1 <? ; Schinz, Syn. Mamm. vol. i. 1844, p. 89; Horsfield, Cat. Mamm. E. Ind. Co.
Mus. 1851, p. 15 ; Wagner, Schreber, Säugeth. Suppl. vol. v. 1855, p. 23.
Simia femoralis, Cantor, Journ. As. Soc. vol. xv. 1846, p. 174.
S. femoralis is a uniformly brownish-black monkey, the limbs, head, and tail
being almost wholly black, but the difference between the colours is not well defined,
and the fore-limb is grizzled with whitish hairs. The tail is slightly tufted at its
extremity. There is a rather short, vertical crest directed backwards, the hair
anterior to it projecting forwards over the eyebrows. The ears are moderately
large and partially exposed. The hair on the front and side of the head and on the
middle of the crest is blackish or dull brown. The upper lip and chin are clad
with short whitish hairs, with longer black hairs intermixed on the chin. Along the
flanks the hair is short, sparse, brown, and somewhat grizzled, which is the character
also on the belly. The throat, sides of the neck and chest are concolorous with
the upper parts. A narrow, well-defined white line passes along the middle
of the under surface from the chest in the adult to the hinder portion of the
abdomen, but in young specimens this line is obscure, as the throat, chest and
abdomen are yellowish white, and where it dies away on the inside of the limb,
the white line is prolonged as a fine line to the wrist and ankle. In the adult
the brachium is greyish, but there is a distinct tendency visible to the formation of
a narrow obscure greyish line along the inner aspect of the antibrachium, but
of variable intensity. Between and inside of the thighs is also white or pale grey,
and this colour extends a short way below the knee. The face, ears, and the palms
of the hands and sides of the feet black.1
Ft. In.
Length- of body to root of tail . . . • . . . . . . 1 7-<jOf ’
« of t a i l .......................................... . . . . . 1 110-50
Inhabits Borneo and Sumatra.
As has been pointed out by previous authors, there do not appear to be any
facts relating to the structure of the so-called S. chrysomelas from Borneo that
would sanction its recognition as a species distinct from S. femoralis of Sumatra,
and I have arrived at this opinion after an examination of the type specimens.
Miiller and Schlegel described as a female of this species a monkey of a yellowish
colour, but which must have been originally much brighter, seeing it had been
1 Müller and Schlegel have represented the face of S. chrysomelas as bluish, but they state that it is quite
hypothetical, as the colour o f the face of this Bornean monkey in life is not known.