comparatively smooth with the orifices of the ureters situated well in on its sides*
with rather patulous orifices directed inwards and downwards. The orifices of
the cloacal bladders are very wide, as in all Batagurs, and distensible, easily dilating
to two inches and a half in extent. The whole of the inner walls of the bladders are
covered with villiform processes, as in Pmgshivra, very sparse near their apices
but especially plentiful at their orifices, and on the sides of the cloacal canal nearly
as far forwards as the clitoris. The latter organ has two lateral lobes on either
side, with a common, somewhat pointed anterior lobe, with a small central lobe
resembling the last, and grooved for the termination of the urinary canal. The
urinary canal is three inches in length, and it dilates in its anterior third as it
approaches the orifice of the ureters. The allantoic bladder is very large, and
the fundus of its right division is attached as far forward as the liver by a narrow
mesentery. A specimen which had lived for two months without water beyond an
occasional douche, but which had not been near water for three weeks before its
death, except on the previous day when it was immersed, the bladder was found
distended to a great size with a clear fluid, and so large as to invest the whole of
the intestines, reaching to both lobes of the liver.
The trachea divides at 6’75 inches from the laryngeal slit and is to the left of
the mesial line. The right and left bronchi are 7*50 inches long, and in their length
and convolutions resemble the coiled air-tubes of some birds. The left bronchus is
completely curved upon itself at the apex of the left lung, anterior to which it lies
along the anterior border of the oesophagus till it reaches the apex of the lung where
it describes the foregoing curve, and then crosses the dorsal aspect of the oesophagus
to enter the lung about two inches below its apex and one inch internal to the
inner border of the lung. The right bronchus enters its lung at about the same position,
but does not curve on itself like the left tube, but in its course from the
trachea describes a number of small curves. •
The lung is six inches in extreme length, by three inches in breadth. I t is
broad anteriorly and narrower behind. Its external margin is marked by six
divisions, the most anterior being the largest, and forming the outer half of the broad
anterior end of the lung and is partially divided into three secondary lobules. . The
posterior division is not very long, but is divergent from the lobe before it. The
inner border terminates in a moderately long dilatation, projecting backwards across
the ovaries and separated from the last lobe of the outer border by a wide notch.
Batagv/r basket, Gray.
" 9 9 - fc
Carapace in a straight line . .................................................................... . 23-75 15-6 14-6
Breadth, greatest on seventh m a r g i n a l ........................................................... 23-75
Sternum to middle of anal notch . . . . . . . . 20-75
Breadth o f sternum at axilla . . • . . . . • . 900 6 0 6-4
„ „ inguinal notch . . . . . . . 9-40 5-9 5 1
Depth through v e r t e b r á i s .............................................................................. 6-4 6-2
This species occurs in the Sunderbunds to the east of Calcutta, and is moré
common than B. lineata. How far it extends to the westward I cannot say, but
it appears probable that its place is taken in the north-west by B. li/neata and
B . dmaucelli, and that it is more essentially a Malayan than an Tnriian form.
I have received it from the coast of Arracan, and it is generally distributed
throughout the Irawady.
I have carefully examined the type of T. longicollis, and do not find any character
by which it can be separated from B . baslca.
TRIONYdDiB.
Genus E m y d a , Gray.
E m y d a sc u t a t a , Peters. Plates LXXIY, LXXV, & Plate LXXVAEmyda
granosa, Theobald {pars), Joum. Linn. Soc., vol. x, p. 18, 1868.
Emyda scutata, Peters, Monatsbr. Preuss. Akad., 1868, p. 44 9 ; Gray, Suppl. Cat. Shd. Rept., B. M.,
p. 107, 1870; Theobald, Descr. Cat. Rept. Brit. Ind., 1870, p. 82.
This is a shorter and more rounded oval than any of the other species of the
genus, and if the nuchal valve is excluded, the anterior and posterior margins of
the shell are rounded nearly to the same extent. The nuchal is very ama.ll and
suspended in a cartilaginous flap. The anterior vertebral swelling is better defined
in the male than in the female. The first costal area in the female is markedly
concave. The marginals in the adult are nearly all of one size, whereas, in the other
forms, the first marginal is always much larger than the rest. The plastron is
known by its very much smaller epiplastra, hyoplastra, and hypoplastra, and by
its very large entoplastron, characters which separate it from all the other species;
also, by its closely approximated xiphiplastra, broad anteriorly and narrow posteriorly,
their inner margins forming a straight line, with no divergence either anteriorly or
posteriorly.
The sexes are distinguished by well marked characters. The males are sma.lW
than the females, and the callosities of the plastron in the male are relatively larger
than in the female. In a fully grown male measuring 7°'50, the epiplastra are
triangular with a long anterior border. The inner margin is slightly convex,
but nearly straight, while the posterior margin is nearly transverse, being directed
slightly backwards, these two margins each equalling two-thirds of the length of
the anterior margin. The callosities are rather widely separated by an interval,
equalling nearly one-half of the length of the internal margin, but being broader
anteriorly and posteriorly, owing to the convexity of the inner margins. Each
epiplastron is much smaller than the entoplastron, the extreme length of one of
these being less than the transverse breadth of the entoplastron, but exceeding its
longitudinal breadth, the greatest breadth of an epiplastral callosity being little
more than three-fourths of the latter measurement of the entoplastron. The
entoplastron is transversely oval, the posterior side being somewhat swollen; its