Urinary bladder.—Tins, viscus is pyriform, 6 inches long in the male when contracted
; its anterior wall 0-50 inch thick. In a female corresponding in dimensions to
the above, the bladder is not more than 3 inches long. In both, the inner surface above
the attachments of the ureters is densely rugose, while the area below them or trigone
is perfectly smooth.' Where the ureters are connected to the posterior wall, the position
of each is marked internally by a deep pit-like puckering of the mucous lining,
and their orifices are about 0*75 of an inch below and internal to this. Each
opening is prolonged backwards and inwards for 0 9 inch as a groove ; anteriorly
they are separated by an interval of 0*5 inch, and below by little more than
0-2 inch.
Genital organs o f male.—The orifice through which the penis is protruded is
situated in the adult about 1 foot anterior to the anus. When retracted the
organ describes two curves. Tracing it backwards for 11 inches we find it bent
outwards and forwards upon itself for 4 inches, and then backwards and inwards
for 3 inches more; so that the total length of the penis when straight is fully
18 inches. I t is 1*60 inch in diameter at the base of the glans and 2 inches at its
thickest part, immediately posterior to the second curve. The body is oval in
transverse section, but the base of the long filiform extremity, where it springs
from the bottom of the glans, presents a triangular cross section. I t is interesting
to observe that the urethra, in the greater part of its extent, is placed to the left of
the mesial line, in this following the asymmetry that characterises the uterus and the
cranial bones of both sexes. The filiform process (fig. 18 p, p. 495) originates at the
basé of the glans from which it is quite free. I t is 5*25 inches in length and
projects 3 inches beyond the glans. Its free extremity is 0*20 inch in diameter,
while its root is one inch in thickness and is triangular in transverse section as far
as it lies in connection with the glans ; but beyond that point it is cylindrical and
whip-shaped. Its surface, on which the lobes of the glans lie, is marked by a
prominent longitudinal ridge which appears between the base of the lobes of the
glans as a triangular fold of skin of the frænum. The under surface of the process
is continuous with, and on the same plane as, the neck of the penis. The
bilobulate glans resembles the pointed ears of a dog. The lobes are 2-25 inches in
length and 1^25 in diameter at their bases, and 1"*40 in their greatest breadth
which occurs about their middle. Their upper surface is smooth and continuous
with the dorsum of »the neck, but their under surface is divided longitudinally into
three nearly equal divisions by two ridges, the more internal one corresponding
to the ridge of the dorsum of the filiform process to which it is applied, and the other
is closely opposed to its inferior lateral margin. The surface internal to the inner
ridge lies against the corresponding surface of the other lobe, when the organ is
retracted, but the lobes fall apart, when the penis is protruded. The area between
the two ridges is in contact with the side of the filiform body. The portion
external to thè outer ridge is so deeply longitudinally channelled that its free
margin is in contact with the ridge. This arrangement admits of the glans being
stored away in small compass and provides for great lateral expansion when the
organ is active and distended with blood. The prepuce is attached about 2'40 inches
behind the base of the glans, and the colour of the parts so far back is nearly the
same as that of the body skin, but dependent on the shed cuticle of the opposed
surface, which when scraped off exhibits a yellowish cutis below it. The prepuce
as far as it covers the glans in the retracted state of the organ is smooth, but
anterior to that the cutis is thrown into a dense mass of fine longitudinal folds or
ridges, the margins of which have a finely serrated appearance due to the presence
of minute papilliform processes, probably highly vascular. These become more
strongly developed close to the point of union with the external skin, even to the
entire loss of the supporting ridges. In this locality, they are laterally flattened
processes placed side by side in their long diameters, forming regular wavy lines
of filaments, about 0‘04 inch in length. The lines are parallel to each other, but
separated by regular intervals of not more than 0’01 inch ; on the removal of the
smooth covering of cuticle on the glans, a circumstance which frequently occurs
in spirit specimens, the pale yellowish cutis is seen to be composed of irregular,
transverse and longitudinal ridges composed of triangular papillse of the same
character as those which occur on the anterior portion of the prepuce, but only a
little larger. These are distributed longitudinally on the back of the glans, but
transversely on its sides.
Urethra.—The prostatic portion passes downwards and backwards till reaching
the caput gallinaginis when the direction of the canal suddenly changes ; then it
runs directly forwards, forming an acute angle with the prostatic portion and
preserving this course as far forwards as the anterior extremity of the membranous
portion, where in the coiled state of the organ the first bend begins. Preserving
its usual position on the inferior aspect of the penis till within 4 inches from the
«dans, it then crosses over to reach the dorsal aspect, where it enters the base of
the filiform process. In the prostatic portion the canal narrows immediately
opposite the rounded posterior extremity of the united cavernous bodies, but dilates
on each side of the caput gallinaginis. In looking from above, into the lower part
of this section of the urethra, the caput gallinaginis is seen in the distance projecting
on the commencement of the membranous portion and to be nearly as large as the
capacity of the canal opposite to the bulb of the spongy body. Viewing the crest
from before, it is seen to be opposite to the end of the corpora cavernosa, and on making
a vertical section of the canal and pulling aside its walls, a deep depression is seen
on either side of the crest, with a few folds indicating that this portion of the canal
is capable of considerable distension. The transverse breadth is about 0’90'inch,
while the posterior extremity of the united corpora cavernosa is only 0’40 removed
from the upper portion of the base of the crest. The membranous portion is
3 inches long, and in transverse section the tube is a vertical slit 0*25 inch in length,
about 5 inches anterior to this the canal is reduced to an obliquely arched opening
0’10 inch in diameter. Three inches further forwards it is even still smaller, but
preserving its obliquity. Immediately behind the prepuce, the section is nearly
round, and its capacity slightly increased. Halfway between this and the base of the
m3