Clunyang comprizing Leaodong, furrounded in part by a ftrong-barrier
of wood.’ The chief town .is Chinyang, alfo called Mugden by the
Mandlhurs, frill a confiderable place; with a maufoleum of Kunchi,
regarded as the .conqueror of-China, and the founder of the reigning,
family/.. 2. .The government of Kiren-Oula', which extends far to the
N. E., where there are many forefts and defarts on both fides of the
grtat river Sagalien. Kirem the capital frauds on the river Songari,
which falls into the . Sagalien or Amur, and was the refidence of the
Mandlhur general, who adfed as viceroy/ 3. ,The government o f
Tfitchicar, fo called from a town recently founded on the' ftomil Oula, -
where a Chinefe-garrifon is Rationed. The-Ruffians call this province
Daouria, from the tribe Tagouri, who poffefs a great part of this .territory.
The weftern boundary is the river Argoon, the frontier between
Ruflia and China, alfo marked in the -treaty by another river, the Ker-
betchi, which feems to have vaniflied from .recent maps. Thefe pro- "
yinces having been the feat of the Mandlhur monarchy before the con-
q ue ft of China, have fince that event remained fubjeft to their-ancient
foyereigns» - . . , • "
In this divifion may alfo be mentioned Corea, which has for many
-centuries acknowledged the authority of China, and which bhalts a ebn-
fiderable popuktion. The language, according to Du Hald^ differs
from the Chinefe, and from what he calls the Tataric, probably the
Mandlhur. That writer maybe confulted for a more particular account
-of this extenfive province ; the geography of which ftill- remains rather s
^doubtful.
' To the weft are various tribes of Mongulsas the Kalkas y thqfe
around Koko Nor, or the" Blue Lake, who are alfo called CElets, Eluts,
or Kalmucs, the terms only implying particular Mongul 'branches.. The
JEluts have been greatly reduced by two deftnidtive wars againft the
Chinefe in. 1720 and 1 7 5 7 ; and their contaifch, or great chan, has dif-
appeared. Their country'may, be confidered under three divisions.
1 . That part called Gete even to the time of Timur, which feme regard,
as the country of the ancient Maffagetae, towards the lakes of Pal-
Jkati, -.Balkalh or Tengis, and Zaizan. The contaifch. ufed chiefly to
■- * ia Croixj iuazu . - f Du Halde> if. J-. ^ ; 17 :
refide tafe HxrcasJ$>r} Erga on the river Ili, , whipH flow,s-from,-the S. E. Popkla.
into tKe; lake' cjf Balkalh. i . , Little BpC^aria^ fo called to diftinguilh it
from the-greater Bpch^fcwhich isjubjea ,10 the Ufbeks, a Tataric
nastipn : but; the peppl'ejof iliffe Bi^charia ape aiy induftriqus>race bf a
diftindt origin*, „who' ate llltle mingleVwith/thejr Kalmuc or Mong$jtl||
lords. 3. ,'Tbe.xquntries of Turfan| tb |}ie^ort|i of the lake galled Lok'
Nor, and that of ChamiLor Ha^i, Jp.’thp ea|fv f^mns', ii^$e known, and
furrounded'with wide ‘defarts*' Upon^the whole it may perhaps be
found that the Mandflfurg are the moft'populc^ racey^nd that, the
Monguls, though difiufed throhghk vaff ,teiu-it-oiyT-canr>hardly boaft the
'name'of a matldfn The-'Kirgufes|«br''Tatars proper of.the w^ft, -are
confined to a’fmalf and unfertile diftridt;* an^may moM properly^ be
comMere&as5 belonging torindeperidehtTatary. ft a
^probable,that -this part of the|Chinefe1 empireimighfcinmfteila Army! a
krge but ine&aual a rm y ;'a n d amidft’m®d'em-. taraics/and weapons
.Rtkle -deeds! be apprehended from1 a* n ew cfehlge :of Menguk barbarians.^
If the-various tribes of Mandlhiirs,-Monguls, amd*Tatars were to .Coal-,
efee under .fome chief; oi-great abilities, the political importance and .relations
off central Alia' might| refumeThdorformer -fame; h q t tb e ic in ^
tereftsure now fo various and difoordant,: that» while/the empireaof
Ruffk-and China- exift, 'they caWbiily be regarded-as connected with >
the pblicy of thefe .powerful Rates.
H | SSe remarks'on tfiVgeograpKy oBlS^Ie'cQundics^^e & b u ik 'o f Great Btllharik’^Tdr-
. GeteisitelSdoff^riai of
garia mesps the left hand, ar ttofe tribe» adoring towards the eaft call Tibet Bawntalfh or, theye.
gion op the, right,
* ‘ - ' ' - • By