1 6m 0 U T H A M Er*R I C A.
Commerce. rnoble-metals might be obtained, sand perhaps- a{flalligr$ateit :pmpoEtlbn,
- than what Mexico affords at prefent.3
■ Since ftp difcontinuance o f the galleons, and of the great . fairs at
Pananla-antivffe'tto Bello', /therj/eommerceEfPeru has ibyeq jaugmeJ||ed
by theiarriv&iof merchant veffels from Spuin:by thEway of^ap&Horrn
;jo~3l[«lffis, th e frreednmobfethe -tradehasmiyeAoehst^Bfe
market -with -SpanHh. goods, f As :the »Spaniards have inQ||ettJemj8KW hi
Africa, the numerous, negroes .in their American .colonies were chiefly
fyipplied by the Dutch,J and by the Englifh, under what ..is1 calledE|||
Affieiito or Contract, fettled in theTreign o f Anne ; the confequences
o f which have been delineated by a mafterly writer, to whofe work .tlie
reader is referred, for more ample commercial details.4 ■ {$
.The chief topics of natural geography have already been difcuffed in
th&Igeueral view.*.of.'South America. . A lingular circumftance in the
Zoology. zoology; is the great abundance of-horfes and cattle,,though originally
unknown-tp. the new .continent; thefe furprifing herds having been multiplied
from a few that were, turned loofe by the firft fettlers. . The
. cattle-are fo numerous that they are' hunted merely on .account of-the
hides.. An author, who refided twenty-two years in Paraguay, informs
us that they equal the Hungarian in fize, the ftandard length of the hide
being-three ells.5. The ^great numbers have lately been thinned by the
thoughtlefs avarWe of the hunters. r Horfes are- alfo very numerous:
.and mules, being indifpenfable in the alpine countries, where they Can-r
not be. reared., about eighty thoufand are annually fent from the plains
o f Paraguay to Peru.6 To procure this mixed breed young'affesvare
clothed in the. frefh fk ip so f foals, and introduced to the mares as their
own offspring. Flocks of European fheep alfo abound: but of this
• animal fome fpecies are.peculiar to South America, Such is th e,llam a,
or more properly runa, for llama -merely implies abeaft or quadruped,
-which refembles.a fmal] camel, and will carry any load under a hundred
weight. The vicuna is fome what fmaller, with fhorter and finer wool;
>and of ’a brown. colour, while the others are various.7 The guanaea,
3 P- 257, *5$- * Robertfon’ s Hiftory o f America; vol. ii'il";
— 5 Dobrizhoffer; i—246. * lb. 270.
-7 fUlloa,!. 440, in the- Fr. i. 366. The -pacos or alpaca feems' fo be a kind of vicuna.
Rpm
S P A p l S P D O M I N I O N S .
,on t h ^ ' t S B n t o a R y ^ ' - i s / a n i t u a l b i h a n the runa, and"
chiefly'employe d^dml|!6h'e^minfe'gjd(aun|r.idsl,/wh©i|ef!p|h!|||ianirrial,si-eduld
nptwpafs'-■tfh@(!p£g|;iipi10U'S]q>aths|i^ Among1?-. t f e y ^bstousSlaniraiarlsf- are dif*
tlt^uifhed>tho%i}pali|e.t|tbw Buffqn thp,jaguarsbygothc i \\iitcrs thetigepjf
anrdlsthe cbugafe?E^f®|ne - called ^et Amer^ah|f%)h. y«T^if 4#ter>. is-^of
reddifh bBOwuM^IpiMl whilEtheformpriis'marke'djhyith black %.qt£W£tif
al^ISlpWifh 'ground» a But!’from Buffon’a< aiccountp,qf|:tlaelijagwr it is
eS|dei®t that he only fudged' fKom\5a,J',ffifall ■ aflimf^ly, probably fent from
Egbush' Guiaha ju.for Pobrizhoffier^infermsmaMiliafe^s tl^e,- lioh^qf Africa
farfexceed thofe^of Paragdiy..fjffiej;co|ggg-rs.^;i'n»fi^>|apd- %tQeity, ji^th^
ASsam tfg^s yield ini magnitude rdj^fi^gp^y. -■ t
fkij^pfj> on ©Eil 1 frie? iday^hqfqrc^ fwhiflh/.w as |tA?i©e* dfIs-t ap d lymEt'chus.
isrt®gth,/or equal to that,of k large -qx f but liejadds*, thejbolly!ismiqrc
flet|d©r.. than.Sthat. ‘6f an& qx/i , ’ A-ccordingi^}the^fam&Mujh4©ib!lJey kill
a®* carry off oxen'and* hordes g.and of
lhsk» Strength jafetchevinefe rthe error ofyBf ffob^i^bMory. Qthojrpaniipalsf&
re, ithofw-il-d cat, the,elk, yhelhuanapa^orjguapaca-,- alre&dy^ipen-
tioned,, the 'ani-bear,,rjS|ey - In-.thet- great rii&er, I^-arancx^tbe^e ^appears yp
be^aifpeicies qf_h ipp (fpofamu &j ^Tn the^alps’to.whrd' TucQmuu Ag eqnd'ur,
isilelsltihpeq.lipfj, feqmingly a kind o£. vulture, wi-thi a re'd ere ft} the?
bpdjy. being black, fpotted with'white.* Tfa^'Q^r-jch is alfoj;fadpd jin tfrej
wide plains of'-Paraguay^ -. ,
The botany o f thbl Spanifh territories ea-fls.o^ ^a‘& Andes1 is isiMeM
whollyfunknqwn tor European feigned,, ib iss^hly •thefqfoi e frombtialogy**
that we imagine the vegetables o f thefe- exteniive countries1 jtocr^remblejt
thpfe'^iwhich are natives o f Guiana"an<T Brkzil.y^^^ thdf/indigertca-iM
plants pof »Peru andiGhili our only authority is the FioraTeruViarial
Chilenfig of'Ruisand Pavon, and of'this worfenot more-than‘.a fourth'
8 sn f. Bouguef, p. xviii. fays that the tigers are as large and fierce ’ as-thole .-of Africa : they are
Kappily-jfew in number, one or two^ being fefficient to: defolate a-jarovince, . .Thefe vyith! tlie tiger-■
of Guiana marked with’black-longi111dinal llripes, (Bancroft, p. 137.) ‘fecrn .unkrioXVn to 'Buffon,
and other zoologies. Pernety, in bis account of .Bougainville’s voyage, p. 141, obferveathat the
tlgerk.-bcaf Montevideo arci indj™pre fierce than, thofe of; Africaa tame wfelp four
months old was two feet tliree inches in bcigUt.v
4 p f ' i p f c
ZoOtQOY.
Botany.
VOL. II.