-Canada- when the gfantee »{hall defire it, Tubjedi peverthelefs to alter-
è f '<#& a^of-the legiflature. j Britiffi, Americans foperiutended by
an'pffieprjftyled Gov.erpor General-of thófput Britilh process i%Nprth
An>êrica, wip, befidèsJóther powers, is .cojnmander in-chief of all.the
3ritifbtrpóps*u® the four provinces, -and 'thógó'yernimeuts attached to
them, and Newfoundland* |Each- pf: the pröyinQ^ lia^i-a lipjitenan^gó-
,yei^pr^,who, in. ;thq abfeaceiofthe>goVernor!general, .has all ,the powers
reqaiifitp- jB© a chief in|giftratè;f’’
; The population ,of the 'two Canadas, according to an.a&ufl enumera-
ttjnnjj^dereid; ;% :g$»end. Halffimaad - ingmM& 12
Trench and 'Englifh, -exelufive of do^oo-.loya^fts ip the, upper parts.
'The fayages may perhaps a t n c p p f c t Q m Tt is prahaMe>tthat the
-population ha's increafed fince that period ; and certainly wpuld^eatly
inersafe- if the favourable feprefiapation^jof-Mr. ^dd^wei^f rqdited.
„The only „revenue arifing to Great- Britain from, fh is ^ lo ^ ipen|s tQ
pppceed fromaq advanta^ous pommerce, which is fajjijq emplo^a^out
.feven thoyfand tons -of flopping. - The nxppnces. ofi-the qivii liftfare
Tupnofed to be 25,oopL of^which half is paid by Great Britain and the
othertby the provinces, from duties on the importation of fpirits, wine,
‘and a few other articles. The military eftabiifhment; with, repairs of
forts, &c. is dated at ioo,oool. ; and the like fum for prpfentMtótthe
favages, and falaries to officers employed among them for trade,/|3fc. in
Upper Canada. But the advantages of thé commerce are raq&ght to
counterbalance thefe expences.
The manners and cifftoms óf the fettlers in Canada are connaerably
timfliiredwith the French gaiety and urbanity, blended With the ufuaj
portion of vanity, which is however a far mère laüdable quality, uian
avarice, which is deftrudtive óf every generous motive and höbfe exertion.
The French women in Canada can generally read and write,‘and
are thus fupèrior to the men ; but both are funk in ignorance and fuiper-
ftition, and blindly devoted to their priefts. They univerfally ufethe
French language, Ehglilh being reftridted to the few BritHh fèttlers',
The chief town is Quebec, built !on a lofty point of land on the north-
weft fide of thé great river St. Lawrence; which in the neighbourhood
* Motfe, 114.
6 is
isfvifficiently deep ancLfpadbns to. feat more’than one hundred fail,’of Cahava.
the line. The upper town, pnfafröck-of Hmeftbnej is óf öonfideratóe-
natftf# ftrèngth, and welKiforfifip.dsjj bttttthe' lower town «towards the: -
river is open to every: attaplc. MonteaWs-vain cemfidefte'e, in,marching-■
owt of the ett/, led to, his déft'nb&ieó,:• whilea*fidge)muft have-:been dif-
folved'by the'approach of ■ Winter* wÜön- it Was impi-adi'Cable to farm»
any works : yet1 QuebW'might in';the néw procedures of war, yield,-,
like Holland, to a frozen-' campaign. ‘•FA'la'rgé ^arrifoh* is maintdiaed ;
Kutfye. thoüland foljdiefa. wdttftt-<lk ue’eéflaV'y M kati* the vrórks. The1
inhabitants are firppoèf ip ren thoufèhd, abógt tWq thirds being;
; and the prefencè toftlie governor, courts, and ghrrifon, cpn-
S hlHr ^ J>%! an.d Hvfely. The lower town “is moftfy inhabited s
bVtradets and róafi'nérW ‘ Thé’hbufes' are commonly of ftone, ftna1i,\
ugfy, and_ mefinveniept o hu^r thé new*part of the governor’s houfe, for
thtrq ig| no citadel,- ïs .upon an improved plan. The monafteries are al-’
fhere are ffiree nunneries. The market is wett
plièd^ahd iKehtfle carts are‘‘often drawn by dogs. The vicinity pre-
fènts .Inoft^fiiblime apd beautiful ftchety ; and the faKs bfthfe .ixybB
Mpntmorenci' are particularly celebrated^ v
Mqntreaf a peat-, town^on j:he eaft fi^le pf a confiderable ifland,'‘Montreal^
formed by the river St. Lawrence at its junöion, with the riVet Utawas,!,
which is the boundary between “Lower ancf‘Upper Canada, about,
15Ö’nples above Quebec/ This'is the; utmoft point to, which'ïhips'cdn |
afefend from the. fea.; but .(eyeral ofthe burden of 4oo,tons 'r^ach Man-1
treaFby a tedious and'difficult navigation/ This1 town scontains aboutv
twelve hundred houfes, and" p r o b a b l y | f a hf f foiifef { 'with fix;
chvi'rches, four of which'are Roman-Catholic,, .and- fpurr„convents. The -
chieftrade is in fürs, which are thence fent to Canada for- England,. The . •
Nortbr-weft.. Company confifts óf merchants of Mbdéreai. • The canoes *
arc chiefly employed om,the Utawa% «whence rthq^fur^iraders proceed I
aérofs to lake Wihnipeg. Mr. -Mackenzie .was a- pt^ner-in1 the .North-?
weft, Company, which bas:. confiderabiy leflehed the trade of that óf*"
Hudfon’s Bay.. La Prairie- is a village oft the. opppfite .fide. oÈthe fiveCx"
to Montreal.;
A tt