Canada,
Rfvers:-.
Utawas,
Lakes.
Mountains.
Zoology.
Mineralogy.
Natnral Cu-
riofities.
The great river St. Lawrence has-been already:defcribed in the gene*
ral view of North America. The Utawas-f'fe the moft important of all
m tributary ftreams, iffuing from Various lakes, towards the centre of
Canada : its'-waffirs are of a bright greeniffi colour, while the St. Law-
rence is muddy. 1 Many rivers- of fmaller confequence flow into the
river St. Lawrence from the north. The large lakes have been alfo
already mentioned: there are many others, of which thé enumeration
would be tedious; and feme difficulty arifes from the want of any pre-
dfe boundary in the north of Canada. Nor have the mountains, been
examined by 4ny geológift, who cofild indicate their ranges or iffuftrate
their ftruaure. The chief ridge feems to he In the northernpart ofthe
province, in a dfreftion S'. W. and N. E. giving fource to femany
ftreams which flow S. E., while a few pafs to Hudfon’s Bay. But
there are many mountains between Quebec and the fea, while Awards
the Utawas only a few are fcattered, and to the S. W. there are ample
plains. The botany differs little from that óf the United States: bind
the chief Angularities in zoology are the moofe, the beaver, and'feme
other animals, for which Mr. Pennant’s Arótic Zoology may be. eon-
felted. The rein-deer appears in the northern part, and the-|iuma^nd
lynx are not unknown. Both the Canadas are much infefted with rat-
tlcfnakes. The hummingbird is not uncommon at Quebec/JlThe, mineralogy
is of Tittle confequence ; and even iron feems-tp ^ rare.
There are faid to be lead mines- which produce feme fever ;* and it is
probable that copper may be found, as it appears in the S. W. of lake
Superior. Coal abounds in the ifland of Cape Breton, but this valuable
mineral has not been difcovered in Canada. I f fo wide a territory were
properly examined by firilfulnaturalifts, which ought always to be a
primary care with every government for the moft advantageous pofition
of fettlements, and that every advantage may. be fecured, it is highly
probable that important difcoveries might he made. Little is laid of
warm fprings, or mineral waters ; and the chief natural curiofities fecm
t© be the grand lakes, rivers, and catarafts. Among the latter the cèlei
| Kalm, n/*53* B H u B - * ,
* See Kalm, ii. 349, for an account of theft veins near the bay of St. Paul, N. E. of-Quchec.
There are only fome grains of galena m a kind of fpar. - ^
bfated falls of , Niagara are chiefly on the: fide'of Upper Canada, the C anada.
river being there 600' yards wide, .and the fall 142 feet. A final I ifland
lies between, the falls : and that on. the fide of the States is 350 yards '
wide, while the height is 163 fe e t: from the great fall a conftant cloud
afcends, which may fometirmes he feen -at an incredible diftance ; and
the whole fcene ,;s truly tremendous«. .
NE W B R U N S TV I C K.
s T he ancient provjnGe of Nova-Scofia was granted. by,Ja.me,§ I Vo-his
lecfetàry Sir William Alexander .àfferwajjds ■ ea,rl of, Sitifing.:; apd „the
origin of the,'ti|fe ,©f baronets'of.Ngya jSoqtia is ;t?tell .known,, . It Was
afterwards feiyed by the French, whp ^eem,indeed to'-haye* beeq the firft
pnfcffors, antj hv whom it was; called j|\.fadieT_ butyit yya§ furreftder.ed
to England by the trçaty ofiUfrfcbt ;I7i3. In 1784, as already ftated,
it Was divided. i.n£o tyvo provinces, New Brpnfwick.and Nova Scotia.
In the former there are two confiderable bays,, and, ,a. ri.vejr, ’o.f fopie
length, called §t. John’s,; .while -that > of St. ,Çroix d iv id e s ,y?-"Brpnf^
wick from the province of Main, belqpgiqg to th ej United.St-atea.- The
riyè|:pf.Stê nayjgable fpt veffels of ^flyjtons about
and1 for boats about two hundred ; the tide flowing about eighty. The
fiffi are falmon, bafs, and fturgeon ;, and the banks, enriçHpTby .jthp an?
•nttal frefhets,. are often fertile, ijsyel, and povgrptf tykh,„large trees.
This, river affords a common and near route to Cfeepsç, Th,ervejare
many lakes, among’which the Çrand Lake is^oVtiilps’ lane, ap,d ■ about
nine.|br.oad. |pJfl©''E.reàt • <?hVn ° f Apalachian'.mdunta,ins ;jfeffes nn' the
N. W< pf this province, probably expiring at thejguIf bOti Lawçéncfe.
The capital 1$ Fre<ferick-town on the river Sfi john, abnitt ninéty rp|és
from its eftuary. St. Ann’s is alinoft,' opp.dfitc ; and there are fome
other fettlements nearer the bay of Fündi, with a fort called Howe.
There is a tribe of favages called the Marcchite,s,, eftimated at ivg> fighting
men. The chief products are timber and fiffi. ■ ,
8 Sec Labontan, ii. 24.
4 l a NOVA