The chief towns,"by all accounts, are Calhgar and Yarcand;,. followed
towards the N.E, byAxu crAkfu; Chkiifh, ajfq called Yulduz, and by the
Turks Karafliar or the black city and Turfan. | Kami or Gamil, . with ,
its furrounding villages,-is rathereohffdeiied as a dct^cfeed] province, for
feme a g e s under the protection of China. The names of many other
towns may be found in the Travels of-G:oezr . who proceeded M.;from
Cabul to Balk; and after a long journey go that direction paffed the
mountains of Imaus, and arrived by Tanhetar and Yakonith at Ya,rcand.
% - ; '
Little Bucharia was fubjed to the Kalmuks, who were recently con.
quered by the Chinefe. - In . more ancient- times, as already explained,
it was 'the country of the Seres ; but little known till the time of Zingis,
after whofe death it became ;the portion of-his fon Zagathai, and appeals,
with Great Bucharia, to have been- called, by his name ; which was,
however chiefly reftrifted to Great Bucharia, while the other was ftyled
Cafhgar. It was confidercd as a part of iMoguliftan, or Mongolia-.;: and
the northern provinces belonged to the country of:Gete, in which,.to
the N. E. of Turfan, were the ancient habitations of the Eygurs or
XJgurs,- a Finnifb. rice w-hofpread difmay throughout Europe in ■ the
tenth century, and afterwards - fettled in Hungary. The Rate of this
country in the time of Timur may be feen in the hiftory of that, prince,
a defeendant of Zagathai ; and this race appears to have continued till
i 6§3, when the Elute or Kalmuks-conquered Little Bucharia. f The.
late wife and benevolent emperor of China, Kiang Long, or Chen
Lung, had imitated his predeceflox .in repeated vifits to Mongolia, in
order to overawe the Kalmuks, the mod dangerous neighbours .of the
* Strahlenberg tells us’that'Chialilh is the fame with YuldUz, apd fo" d d l£ '^ ix * u .,i$V and
M travels nor defcriptlon mil permit the latter' city td cbrrcfpond with Orhmfh'i, anropinibn whicli.
B ’Anville feemstohave adopted in his. Aha, 1751, but abandonedhnlis ancient ^eogfephy/f 969.
Akfu, in the time of Timur, had three throng cattles“, and was full of Chinefe -merchdntsr-'ICheref..
2l6, where the reader will find a curious campaign in Little Bucharia. tThe mountein. Gdran,-
goutac feems to he'the Mas Tag, not the Belur.
' -j- To the Butch edition of Du Haldc’s atlas, 1737, therc'is Ppfefixed' an account :of Little Bu-
charia, chiefly occupied by a 'detail of that revolution. An account ofthis country, had: appeared.
• at Cologne .723 (perhaps the fame). By thnmduttnbus compiler of Affley’s voyages at as fold
to have been written by Bentinlc, who wrote the curious notes on Abulgaztj but by far the. molt
complete account of this country is given in the fourth volume of Aftley’s colleaion.'lbe belt Of
that kind ever publifhcd, and which gave rifeto the French Hiftoire' gen^raUe des Voyages.
empire,
mmmmmmmmrnm
.
empire, by the display of fuperior power.' In 1753 he completely History.|
Vanquiflied thefe people, whole Gontavfli:, or. Great Khan, ufed to re-
fid e at Ilarcas, upon the river 111; and thus annexed a vaft territory to
hi s do mini o nS!, while he is doubtfully faid to have* advanced tts far as '
Badaklhari in 'the; S. of ||rj|||t BBjla'ii^W'Bft he did trot choofe to
pro Yoke'HJ|e:' j ealoufy of Perfia, or" Ruffia, by extending the limits of
the Empire’beyohd th’elmGufetaihsfcbf 'Belur; It is however aflerted that
the great hordeVof Kirgufes has: paid homage to* China. Independently ■
of the regions; to the Si<w,|'lthe extent of Little Bucharia, as ip is ab-
furdly named, from the eonfinesfof Hami ib||he mountains of Belur,
is'more than rooo B. miles ; and the’: breadth,! from-.the mountains of
Tibet to; thole of Afat, more than 500. r
• The prevailing -religion is the:Mafebpiltan,. fori,the Kalmuk eon- Religion,
queroes, though they retained their idolatry.^ were .tolerant. J The
government wfeadminiftered by a Khan, andfafterwards by the Con-
tailh of the Kalmuks, who appointed officers ,a'®ing :as magiftrates. The
population cannot be extenfive,* and is!fluppofed chiefly .to.confifl: of ori- -
ginal Bueharjans, y?hefhre defdribted sli.88aifwarthyeompIqy.iGn,, thr?ugb.
flame be very fair and of elegant forms/' They are faid'fo be polite and
benevolent, and their language Ls probably that called the Zagathaian,
which is the fame with, the Tuikifh, that .fpeech having fapplanted
their native tohguiei; which, if they be defeended from the Seres, .
would be a curious .topic of invefitgatidti. For that the chief population
is original feems to be allowed, though there be a great mixture of
Tatari, or Turcoriiaps, and' a few Kalmuks.“)' The dfelsabf the men Manners.
" ’ / |( | | | ' j opts.
* The aeUount in Bu Halde’s adas .hears i fUerGonCaifii go,aid raife ^ ■hk ,, 'JftLrd
ttouvren -famifies'.-' | Hdn'udfij^iopi.SkhfiKesinAiich' may yield
a population of one million. -
'd* The" learned Jcnifclt gives affpefci’ihrn'of Turkifliland ®agathay, which: prove.1: diem.to be -
thd fame j< add he finds very'.Utile; difference between the mddto Tm'kiihkan;d.the diaieft.Qf
Crint Tatary. In.pure Turkifli ail indnitiesiend in ito f, Orvii’k ; theiconttrueftOQiofhHt: hcgtiage
isifuffieiendy i;fitople joablativc's are i formed' by: adding, t/e»).‘plurals tke
iiomimuive be a wUid .okigirrally Turkifli, hiihorrOwed'from iJu:.' Arabic,' or Periian.i.; f ].'rom a’
Letter of that-"great QtiintiBi%.'Sie.VVlIiadiiil3itfeteyittd<^aAsiidluJjw) 1 :
M r . « « Us I AT Ref. 4i!) fftem diU!hc|dit--fettygBl '.B.fegi 'pMhably i a Mahometan,
nkrehaptf dratiracHradefskrkeu'rayeiif^idady.from Gafhmii-, 'Nurpoori :&cV to Varcaudv-alfeii. :- :
3-c a that