2&
R ivers.
Tigris.
Kuril Irmak,
Sacaria.
Mseandcr.
‘ T URK E Y TN :A S l -A. -■ <
the N: E; ef-Erzeron ;* and'chiefly purfu^lfS. W. diredtion tb-Semlfat,
wRefe it ^ould fall into the Mediterranean; if-not prevented %/a high
range of mountains'. In this part of its Courfe the Euphrates' is jointed
by the Morad from the eaft, aiteeamftInM>ft;dpnbHng-'m^gtH,&iat5rof
Euphrates; fa that the latter 'river slight more'juftly be faid to fpring
iroin mount Ararat, about i 6 q Britifh' miles to the. eaft of t£e imputed
fourcef At Semifat, the -apcient Sasaofata, this noble river affumes
a foutherly diredtion*' then tpns an extenfive courfe to the’S. E., and
after receiving the Tigris, falls by two or three giouths into the gulph
of Perfiai The' comparative courfe of the Euphrates may be sftirpated
at about 1400 Britifh ’miles.
Next in importance is the Tigris^ which rifes" to the north of Medan,,
ajbout 150 miles , fouth from the .forces of the Euphrates,, and purfues
nearly a regular iliueSion E. till it Join the Euphrates below Kotga,
about 60 miles to ..the porth of Baffora; .after a comparative^ g<mjfeqf
about 8pp miles. The Euphrates, and the Tigris, are both navigable
for a confiderable diftance from thcfea.
The third river in Afiatic Turkey is that called by tlie Turks -^izil
Irmak, the celebrated Halys of antiquity; .rifiog immptwt Taurus not
far from Erekli, but by other accounts more to the eaft, and, pprfuing
a winding courfe to the north, nearly aerofs.the wMte 'of AdLa ^Iippf,
till it join the Euxine fea on the weft of the gulphofSanfoun, The
river Saearia, the ancient Sangarius, pr Sangaris, rifes about 50 miles
to the’ fouth of Angora, and running to the N. W. joins the.Euxinq,
about 70, miles to the eaft of Conftantinople, , ; i ;, ,
In the next rank may be placed the cjaffical river of Masander, > nfing
to the north of the ancient city of Apamia, and running, in a winding
ftream, about 25© Britifh miles. Dr. Chandler has pbferved. that
Wheler, otherwife a moft accurate and intelligent travejle^ has miftaken
a tributary ftream for the real Maeander ;* Whichisqdjed by . the Turks
Boytic Minder,, or the Great Meander, to diftinguilh it from this little
,•3 Tpurnefort, ii. 198.- - ' . u . ! .
» This little' ftream, whofe windings rival thofe of the river, flows due fouth, and joins the
Meander uear its mouth, after a courfe of about 46 Britifh miles,, x ftream,
CHAP. IV., <■« 1TURAX GEGGRAPIIY.
ftream, whieli'irefemyes it in naaizqs^ ."The Minder, not far from Its
jBpytiv is about 10-0 -feetibsoadt^ with a.fwift, muddy,..and extremely
deep; -.current,, having .received 4'^o^ftderabl'e acpeffion of waters from
tiae lafee;p£Myus.
. , ThcSarahat, or ancient Herjnna, renr^neddor it^jgqlden fands, joins
the Archipelago about »go Britifh miles-to the north of the Minder, after
.a .courfe :qf Jftmfia‘r Jteftgfh* ^
The other rivprs of Afi^ Min§r;arejfar more -Lni^nfiderable, though
many pf them be celebrated in claffical hiftory and poetry*1
,The .chief river of Syria is the Orojntes.,!. now called Oran or Aft,
rifiog about j,So miles t-o^he N. of Damafcmy and ruling nearly due
north till it fuddertly ta^n S. E. ju©ar,.Antioq|',;'a%p}yvhich it fpon
ioins the Mediterranean.
Asiatic -Turkey alfa contains, numerous, lakes. That of Van in the
north of Kurdiftan, is the moft remarkable, being ahg^t $9 Britifh miles
in-length from N. E. pa S. W., and- about ,4® .^^b^eadth : it is faid-to I
abound with fifh. This great lake, with that of ^miah in Peffia, about
joo Eftiles'to the S. E., appears to have beendittle pot^dip ancient geography
; and D’Anville does not tern toTayqcpnfidered the difficulty,
though * the lake of Van may be the Thpfpitis of antiquity ; Tut his
maps and difquifitions are open tpjmaay improvements from recent accounts.*
;
Ip Syria what is’called the Dead Sea mays|p] .'regarded as-a lake of
about 50 miles in length, and 12 or 13 in breadth. The lake ofE^ck-
ama, to the, fouth of Hilla.and}the,anc|ent,Babylon, is. afioyt miles inf
length, and flows info the Euphrates.
Towards & centre of Afia Minor there is .a remarkable faline lake,
about 70- miles, in length, and a mile or two in breadth, being the Tatta
.or Palus Salfa of D’Anville’s’ ancient geography.
Numerous other' fmalllakes appear in Natolia, among which maybe
particularly mentioned that of Ulubad, anciently ffyled the Jake, of Apol-
-lonia, which according to. Tournefort is about 25 mills'' Jn cirp'um-
1 *» * be concluded that the lake of TIrmbhis the Arfiffa of antiquity
"but when he derives the Tigris from the lake-Thofpitis he probably means' the fmall lake of Gur-
,gick, near the real founie of the Tigris.
Riv«rs.
Sarabat.
Oronte^J
Lakes.
Vin. 1
Dead Sea.
Ulubad.
ference,