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GENTIANA AMARELLA. AUTUMNAL GENTIAN.
GENTIANA Amarella; corolla quinquefida hypocrateriformi, fauce barbata, laciniis calicinis sequali-
bus, foliis ovato-lanceolatis.
GENTIANA Amarella. Zinn. Sp. PI. p. 334. Huds. Fl. Angl. p. 103. Lightf. Scot. p. 152.
With. Bot. Arr. cd. 4. ml. 2,p . 276. Reih. Cant. p. 100. Sibth. O.v.p. 85. Roth
Germ. ml. 2. p. 289- Hoffm. Germ. p . 88. Frcelich Gent. p. 86. et p. 141. Diebs.
Hort. Sicc. 5. Oeder Fl. Dan. t. 328. Willd. Sp. PI. ml. 1. p; 1347. Smith Fl.
Brit. p. 287. Engl. Bot. t. 236. Pers. Syh. PI. ml. 1. p. 286. Ait. Hort. Kcw.
cd. 2. ml. 2. p. 113. Wahl. Fl. Lapp.p. 70. Zoega Fl. Ist. Pall. Fl. Rots.'ml. 2.
p. 104. Lam. Diet. ml. 2. p. 643.
GENTIANA Germanica. Decand. Fl. Fr. cd. 3. ml. 3. p. 658. Decand. Fl. Gail. p. 254. ’ Des-
longch. Fl. Gail. p . \52.
GENTIANA faucibus barbatis, calycis segmentis quinis cequalibus. Hall. Helv. « .6 5 1 . .
GENTIANELLiE species quibusdam, an Cordo Pneumonanthe, aut Gentiana- fugax altera Clusii»
Bauh. Hist. ml. 3. p. 526. ƒ , 1 .
GENTIANELLA fugax autumnalis elatior, Centaurii minoris folio. Raii Syn. p. 275.
GENTIANELLA fugax verna seu precox. Raii Syn. p. 275.
Dut. Herfst-gentiaan. Germ. D e r bittere Enzian. Herbstenzian. Kälber schiss. Port. Gencianella.
Russ. Goretschaßca ossenaja. Welsh. Erwynllys chwerzo.
Class and Okder. TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
[Natural Order. GENTIANEÆ, Decandolle, Br
Gen. Char,
GENTIANÆ, Juss. ROTACEÆ, Zinn.]
Cal, quadri- vel quinque-fidus. Cor. infundibuliformis seu hypocrateriformis, quadri- vel quinque-
fida. Caps, supera, unilocularis, bivalvis, polysperma.
Radix parva, fibrosa, flavescens, tortuosa, annua.
Gaulis erectus, altitudine mire varians, nunc uncialis,
Jig. 1. nunc palmaris vel etiam pedalis, erectus,
strictus, quadrangulatus, viridi-irufescens; supra
subpaniculatini ramosus, ramis semper oppositis,
floriferis.
Folia ovato-lanceolata, acuminata, integerrima, triner-
via; inferiora basi in petiolo attenuata, superiora
sessilia.
Pedunculi in foliorum axillis, terminalesque, erecti,
simplices, ■ unifiori.
Calyx longitudinaliter decem-notatus, quinquefidus,
laciniis asqualibus, angustis, acuminatis.
Corolla violacea, calyce duplo longxor, hypocrateriformis,
tubo cylindraceo, limbo patente, quin-
que-parüto; faux squamis quinque-ovatis, ciiia-
tis clausa, ciliis longis, erectis, albidis.
Stamina quinque, corollas tubo asqüaliaj Filamenta
flayescentiai An therm purpüreo-virides’, oblong®,
bilbbae, biloculares. Jig. 4, 5. Pollen sphte-
ricum, tuberculis tribus minutis notatum, Jig. 6.
Ovarium staminibus paulo longius, subcylindraceum,
attenuatum; Stigma bilobum, flavum.
Pericarpium : Capsula oblongo-cylindracea, utrinque
subattenuata, stigmate bilobo persistente terminate,
unilocularis^ bivalvis.
Receptaculum
Semina valvarun
Fis.
Root small, fibrous, yellowish, tortuose, annual.
Stem erect, varying much in height, sometimes an inch,
Jig. 1 . sometimes a span, or even a foot in
height, erect,' straight, quadrangular, greenish
red; above branched in a somewhat panicled
manner, with the branches always opposite,
bearing flowers.
L eaves ovato-lanceolate, acuminate, entire, three-nerved
; the lower ones lengthened into a petiole at
their base, the superior ones sessile.
Peduncles in the axillm of the leaves, and likewise
terminal, simple, one-flowered.
Calyx longitudinally marked with ten lines, quinquefid,
having the lacinias equal, narrow and acuminate.
Corolla violet-blue, twice the length of the calyx, salver
shaped, with the tube cylindrical,'the ljmb
patent, quinque-partite; the orifice with five ciliated
scales, the cilia long, erect, whitish.
Stamens five, equal with the tube of the corolla: Filaments
yellowish; Anthers purplish-green, ob--
long, two-lobed, two-celled, Jig. 4, 5.; Pollen
sphmrical, beset with three minute tubercles,
Jig- S . , g
O vary a little longer than the stamens, subcylindricai,
attenuate; Stigma two-lobed, yellow.
P e r ica r p : an oblong approaching to cylindrical Capsule,
attenuate at each extremity, terminated by
the two-lobed persistent stigma, one-celled, two-
HHH----------------- --------------------- ! valved.
?nale. R eceptacle marginal.
.ginibus introflexis, Jig. 9. affixa, Seeds affixed to the inflexed margins of the valves fi? 9
parva, subrotunda, Jig. S. 10.- ‘ , small, roundish,/ g . 8. 10. .
Small var. of G. Amarella, nat. size, Fig. 2. Calyx, with the protruded Style. Fig. 3. Corolla laid
open to show the stamens and the five fimbriated scales. Fig. 4. Anther. Mg. 5. The same Burst onen
tamg discharged tts pollen. Mg: 6. Grains of Pollen. Mg. 7. Capsule, na t size. Fig. 8. Seeds do’
JtJ. 9, Capsule bursting open m two valves, and showing the seeds affixed to the marlins o f those valves
rig. 10. seeds—all except Fig. 1 . 7. and 8. more or less magnified.
lin t though not of very common occurrence, is still the most frequent of all the British species o f the beautiful
genus Uentiana, and is met with in meadows and pasture land, especially in a chalky soil, or where lime-stone
equallfs:i7pad l r y H distinguished from its nearest affinity G. campcstris by the quinquefid flowers and
i l iW i l l B iW °Vbe A B i ■ proliferous flowers is found by Mr. Relhan near Cambridgeand
tiie Mmll kind here figured is not rare on the wolds of Yorkshire.
« I S I sp e k e n here figured was communicated by Edward Barnard, Esq. whose exertions in pursuit of this
lavoiime science have contributed much to forward this work. The small variety was collected by Mr Graves
H H B B I 115 ?b“"dan!; “ . “ a als° "“ "Ï i the lulls of Kent. It blooms in July and ' 7 s ; « "pens its seed in.the followmg month. J
mir™ ’„Hmf d f , t0 clear,“P U,c doubte respecting the synonyms of Ray, I follow Sir James Smith in the refe-
nralmlio ? P ® shaU mere*y obsem!. that his third species, “ Gentianella fugax verna seu prascox ” is
P ).m®rely the dwart variety of G. Amarella, figured in the annexed plate.
no exnprimpntf ^ ' ee 'n ^'''budng to this species the same properties which the other Gentians possess, although
the muGh ti, J! I i ef yCt f have b,een made B 1* Nor indeed does h seem Probable there should be, while
p„ . . rSeur Gent tance lutea and purpurea are to be procured in such abundance from the Alps,
lus of Dickson’« S eIlentoDiSSertatio-n 0n the Gentianai above referred to, mentions having received the Fascicu-
cimens hp siccus containing specimens of G. Amarella, and notices some variations from the spek
n i t ns r f e ’,,ri'1"c:pi' ly relatlns ,0 size: a,,d alt°Se«>cr » trifling, that they do not seem to me to merit
WiUdenow n b d>.ia t l0Ugh t ie author himself adds> “ H®c distincta ab Amarella nostra species esse videtur ”
Pollich B W make? lï ese two sPecies> giving to the G. Amarella of Frcelich, Villars,
Smith ’ Thp f x l «ottmann, the name of G. Germanica, and retaining the old name to that of Dickson and ‘
« q 'q Ane [°rnier he thus defines:
' c , S niCai^ roms Ü t l t i i 8 hypoci-ateriformibus barbatis, laciniis limbi ovatis acutis, foliis ovato-lan-
An i ‘at'3> ramis internodiis longioribus.”
“ G. 4 ^ // atter iie .gives the following character:
And hfiarlH«’ Ü°rollis %pocrateriformibus barbatis, laciniis limbi lanceolatis, ramis internodiis brevioribus.”
radice flava distincta6’’ nte ^ ramis brevibus» cörollis angustioribus majoribus, foliis lanceolatis et
°f Wmd' ‘° U,e G- Amardlaoi Smith. “" d l>as given the name of
ftri t h r S Ï Ï , ? n £ ered ln, Switzeri'and' what die botanists of that country call G. Germanica; and I cannot
G. , .. rence here figured, which likewise accords AmarpUn a ®reHce between it and the plant her admirably with the
amarella described by Frcelich.