r am e a u x , o u d e s feu ille s, d a n s q u e lq u e s e s p è c e s ; e t q u e , d a n s le Carpolopeâium {Muscoides,
Mich.) c e s m êm e s g r a in e s o u fru its so n t s o lita ir e s , c a c h é s so u s d e s é c a ille s im b riq u é e s e t
d is tin c te s d e s feu ille s .”
I n th e f ir s t a n d la s t g e n e r a h e r e m e n tio n e d , M . P a l i s o t d e B e a u v o is d e c id e d ly sp e a k s
o f t r u e a n tlie r s ; b u t in h is Conianthos h e d e d u c e s c h a r a c te r s o f e q u a l im p o r ta n c e f rom th e
g em roæ , w h ic h h e su p p o s e s to b e c a p su le s (o u r a n th e r s ) , a n d w h o lly p a s s e s o v e r th e t r u e
a n th e r s , w h ic h a r e p re c is e ly o f th e s am e n a tu r e a s th o s e o f Carpolopedium a n d R h y z o -
p h y llum , a n d a r e to b e fo u n d w ith e q u a l f a c ility a s tlie y a r e in th o s e spe c ie s.
T h e c h a r a c t e r g iv e n b y M o h r , in h is FI. C r yp t. G e rm ., is, p e rh a p s , th e b e s t th a t h a s
y e t b e e n a s s ig n e d to th e g e n u s : “ P la n t® C ry p to g am ® . O rd . v i. C a ly p tr a t® . B . D e o p e r -
culatae. S p o r a n g ium q u a d r iv a lv e (ex an om a lia in te rd ùm 8 -v a lv e .” )
W a h l e n b e r g is a lm o s t e q u a lly h a p p y in h is defin itio n . “ M u s e i H e p a tic i. C a p s u la
s in e o p e rc u lo , lo n g itu d in a litè r d eh is c e n s , in f e rn é t a n tum c a ly p tr a ta .
F r u c t i f i c a t i o n e s dioic®, r a r iù s m o n o icæ : stériles p u lv e r a c eæ i n a p ic e r a r a u lo rum
v e l fo lio rum .
F ru c iu s C a ly x : F e rich& tium s a c c u lifo rm e m em b r a n a c e um v e l c a rn o sum .
G e rm en c a ly tr â te c tum , s ty lig e rum , in p e ric hæ tio sessile .
C apsula in p e d ú n c u lo su b ito e lo n g a n d o e t c a d u c o , u n iv a lv is , la c in iis q u a tu o r
d e h is c e n s . S em in u la in te r fila s p ir a lia e la s tic a .”
A n d , la s tly , S c bw a e g r ic h e n g iv e s th e fo llow in g c h a r a c t e r to h is g e n u s J u n g e rm a n n i a ,
in h is P ro d rom u s H is t. M u s e . H ^ a t . *‘ Tk e ca q u a d r iv a lv is , n u d a , s e ta im p o s ita . S em in um
elateres Im e a re s .”
S E C T IO N I I .
On the different P a r ts o f a Jungermannia.
I . O N T H E R O O T S , S T E M , L E A V E S , A N D S T I P U L E S .
W e s h a ll b e g in w ith s p e a k in g o f th e
R O O T S ,
Roots. S in c e th e y a r e th e p a r t s o f a p la n t, b y w h ic h i t is p r in c ip a lly n o u r is h e d a n d s u p p o r te d .
T h e s e a r e o f tw o k in d s ; s u c h as a r e com p o s e d o f m in u te , s im p le , o r r a r e ly fo rk e d * , f ib r e s ;
a n d such a s s e em to b e a c o n tin u a tio n o f th e s tem its e lf, e q u a llin g i t in th ic k n e s s , a n d ,
lik e it, fre q u e n tly b r a n c h e d .
• As in .7. trilobata (tab. 76).
A n d firs t, o f tlie m o r e common fib ro u s radicles, o f wh ich it is r a r e th a t a n y im liv id u a l Filnou.
o f th e g e n u s is e n tire ly d c |ir iv e d . I t is t r u e th a t, in p la n ts which a r e u p r ig h t in th e ir
g row th a n d v e ry d e n s e ly c row d e d to g e th e r , s u c h a s J . T a y lo r i a n d ./. compressa,^ th ey
a r e disoOYcrable on ly b y m e a n s o f a v e ry c a r e fu l ex am in a tio n . In som e sp e c im en s
o f J . pingiiis (lab . 46) a lone , I h a v e b e e n u n a b le to d is c o v e r a n y v e s tig e o f r o o t s ; b u t
th e s e w e r e ilo a tiiig o n th e w a te r . F o r th e m o s t p a r t tliey h a v e th e ir o rig in on tlie
u n d e r s id e o f th e stem o r f ro n d , in th o s e sp e c ie s wh ich a r c d e s titu te o f le av e s , a n d always,
in th e s e , o r ig in s tc u p o n th e n e rv e , i t th e p la n t h a v e a d is tin c t n e rv e . I t o th e rw is e , as
is th e c a s e in J . ep ip h y lla a n d J , p iv g u is , th e y g row iiitliife ren lly from v a rio u s p a rts o f
th e low e r su rfa c e .
T h e h ig h e s t p ow e rs o f a m ic ro s co p e h a v e e n a b le d m e to d is c o v e r n o p e c u lia rity structure,
o f s t r u c tu r e in th e s e fib re s. T h e y s e em to b e tu b u la r th ro u g h o u t, n e v e r e x h ib itin g an y
a p p e a r a n c e o f jo in ts o r c o n s tric tio n s , filiform , sm o o th , s em itr a n s p a r e n t, a n d o f a ve ry
d e lic a te m em b ra n a c e o u s te x tu r e . I n g e n e r a l th e y a r e co lo rle s s , o r on ly tin g e d w ith
lig h t b row n , w h ic h th e y m ig h t b e su p p o s e d to d e r iv e from th e soil o n w h ic h th e y g row .
J . p u s illa (tab . 69) is r em a rk a b le fo r th e d e e p p u rp le line o f its r o o t s ; a n d th o s e o f J . e icisa,
J . h y a lin a , a n d J . ventricosa, n o t unfi-eq n en tly p a r ta k e th e s am e tin t.
U p o n th e stipulaceous species o f J n n g e rm a n n iie , th e ro o ts g e n e ra lly g row in b u n d le s , lasmius-
o r ig in a tin g im m e d ia te ly b e n e a th th e s tip u le s . I n th e e x stipulated, th e y a r c th row n o u t
in d ilfe rc n tly , a n d in a m o r e s c a tte r e d m a n n e r from an y , o r ev e ry p a r t o f th e s tem s a n d
b r a n c h e s ; ev en from th o s e b r a n c h e s p ro p e r to th e f ru c tific a tio n , a s in J . Irilobata (tab. 76),
J . setacea (tab. 8 ), &o. E v e n th e c a ly x o f J . T richomanis (tab . 7 9 ), from its u p p e r p a r t ,
s e n d s fo r th a few r a d ic le s ; b u t Ihe h a ir s which in v e s t th is c a ly x m u s t n o t b e m is ta k e n for
ro o ts ; sin c e tlic ir d ir e c tio n is u pw a rd s , w lie re a s tiia t o f th e ro o fs is a lw a y s d e s c e n d in g .
I h a v e s a id t h a t th e o r ig in o f th e ro o ts , in m o s t in s ta n c e s , is on th e s tem . A s in th e
M o s s e s , so in Ih e J im g e rm a n n lK , a n in s ta n c e o o o u rs o f th e s e ro o ts p ro c e e d in g from th e
le a v e s , a s m a y b e se e n in J . complanata (tab . 81).
I n J .p la t y p h y t ta (S u p p l. la b . 3) an e x am p le is fo u n d o f th e fib re s b e in g u n ite d in
c lo s e fa sc ic le s, so a s to a p p e a r lik e o n e th ic k e n e d ro o t. W h a t I h a v e d e s c rib e d a s su c h ,
I am n ow in o lin c d to c o n s id e r f a g e l l a , o f n s im ila r n a tu r e to th o s e t h a t a r e se en on
J . trilo b a ta (tab. 76) ; a n d . in d e e d , I h a v e o b s e rv e d som e a p p e a r a n c e o f folia c eous scales
u p o n tw o o r th r e e in d iv id u a ls .
M r . L y e l l h a s d ir e c te d m y a tte n tio n to a s in g u la r in fla tio n a t th e low e r e x tr em ity o f
m a n y o f th e r a d ic le s in J . a n ómala, tw ic e o r th r ic e th e d iam e te r o f th e r a d ic le its e lf, a n d
w h ic h 1 am d isp o s e d to lo o k u p o n a s a d is e a s e in th a t p a r t.
R o o ts o f th e la r g e r k in d , h in te d a t in th e b e g in n in g o f th is s e c tio n , o c c u r ra r e ly , p6
W e h a v e in s ta n c e s in J . Francisci (tab . 4 9 ), J . aspknioide s (tab. 1 3 ), J . decipiens (tab. 5 0 ) , “ “
J . I lo o k e r i (tab. 5 4 ), a n d in J . em a rg in a ta (tab . 2 7 ). I n th e s e co n d , th ird , a n d f o u r * o f
th e s e sp e c ie s , llic s e ro o ts c r e e p iio riz o n ta lly ; in tlie r e s t tlie y d e s c e n d , a n d a r e som e tim e s
b ra n c h e d , o ften th em s e lv e s s e n d in g fo rtli fib ro u s r a d ic le s . I n a ll th e s e th e r e is n o diffe ren c e
in s t r u c tu r e from th e s tem s ; b u t th e i r co lo r is p a le r , g e n e ra lly w h itish , a n d th e y a r e v e ry
s u c c u le n t.