say. T h e texture o f th e leaves is th in and de lic a te ; th e reticulation small, ro u n d ish ;
th e color a pale yellowLsh g re en , ch an g in g in different s itua tions to an olive g re en
and even to a brownish black.
Perichcttial leaves n o t differing from those o f th e o th e r p a rts o f th e p lan t, exc ept th a t
tlie tAvo up p e rm o st p a ir a re th e la rg e s t o f all, and a re m ore uniformly e re c t in th e ir
position (f. f. S. 4. 9).
M.ale F r u c t if ic a t io n u n k n o w n .
F em a l e F r u c t if ic a t io n te rm in a l, th o u g h i t may noAv and th e n have th e appearance o f b e in g
la te ra l, in consequence o f th e elongation o f a shoot immedia te ly b ene a th i t (sec f. 9).
Calyx (f. 4) la rg e in proportion to th e size o f th e p la n t, somewhat exceeding thi-ee
q u a rte rs o f a line in len g th , and one q u a rte r o f a line in diam e te r in th e wide st pa rt.
I t is len g th en ed o u t a t th e base, la i'ge st in th e middle, a n d a cumina ted a t th e
extrem ity , Avhere i t is slightly plicate. T h e mouth is small, c o n ta c te d , an d be se t with
m in u te te e th o f unequa l sizes : its substance and color exactly resemble those o f th e
leaves.
Calyptra (f. 5) ovate, w hite , s tro n g ly and elegantly re ticu la ted , a t th e apex tip p ed with
a short tu b u la r s ty le ; a t th e base su rro u n d ed by a few barren p istilla.
Peduncle from tAvo to tAVo an d a h a lf lines in len g th , white , glossy, transveraely and
longitudina lly striated.
Capsule ovate, deep b rown, d ividing in to fo u r equal segments ( f 3 ).
Seeds broAvn, spherical, smooth. T h e spiral filaments, a re o f th e same color, a n d composed
o f a double helix (f. 6).
My Var. fi. m ig h t a t first s ig h t be tak en fo r a distin c t species. A p a tch o f i t has a v e iy da rk and
a lmost blackish hue, tlio u g h , viewed singly, a n individual p la n t, especially Avhen held aga in st
tlic lig h t, appears o f a n olive -gre en c-olor. T h e leaves a re more d is tantly placed th a n those o f
a : they are, too, smaller, more in c lin in g to oblong, an d universally horizontal. T h e stems
are slender and more hranelied, and, as observed above, frequently th row o u t yo u n g la te ra l
shoots,
This Ju n g em ia n n ia was first discovered in Wales by Mr. Griffith, and by him s e n t as a new
species to Dr. W ithe ring, in whose Avork a n im pe rfe c t figure a n d description a re given. W ithout
a t all m e an in g to co ntradic t these g entlem en as to th e p la n t b e in g really a nonde sc ript, I find i t
so well accord w ith th e Dillenian p lan t, figured t. 70. f. 10. a . b. c ., th a t I have th o u g h t i t r ig h t
to re fe r to th a t authoi-, th o u g h n o t w ith o u t a m a rk o f doubt. Linnæus refers to th is synonym
u n d e r his J . lanceolata, from Avhich th e au th en tic specimens in th e h e rb a rium a t Oxford prove i t
to be q u ite different. The se in th e calyx, which is most rema rkable , exactly corresponil Avith th e
p re s en t p la n t, and th e leaves, too, seem to b e a r a n equal resemblance, as fa r as can be ju d g ed
from th e very in ju red s ta te in which th ey now are. T h e figures, however, o f Micheli, quoted by
Dillenius, c e rta inly belong to J . lanceolata.
Jungermannia pumila is distinguishable from b a ir e n specimens o f J . scalaris and J . crenulata
by its move ovate leaves and mucli smaller s iz e ; from J . lanceolata by its leaves b e in g concave,
Avhereas in tlie species la s t mentioned th e ir surface is alAvays plane. Tlic sin g u la r form o f the
calyx Avill serve to keep i t d is tin c t from every o th e r species.
Although a n alpine p lan t, J . p umila seems n o t a t a ll pa rticu la r in its choice o f soil. Some
o f my Irish specimens a re a tta ched to a stiff c la y : in Yorkshire I have found it g rowing upon
hard lime-stone r o c k ; and in Scotland I have ga th e red i t from th e micaceous schistus o f th e
Breadalbane mountains.
R E F E R E N C E S T O T H E P L A T E .
f ig .
1. A small p atch o f J . pumila, natural size.
A single p la n t o f the same, natural size.
The same, ma g n ified .............................................................................................................. 4
E x tremity o f a fe r tile s h o o t............................................................................................... 3
Calyptra and young capsule .......................................................................................... 2
Seeds and spiral filaments ............................................................................................... 1
Var. fi, natural size.
The same, ma g n ified .............................................................................................................. 4
Ex tremity o f a fe r tile p la n t o f a , with the shoot projecting beyond the calyx 4