H ab. Moist hedges and shady w e t pLaces in various parts o f Gre a t Brita in, most abundant.
¡¡, We t ditches in Yorkshire.—In a field n e a r th e orcliard, Ballylickey, near Bantry.
Miss liiiichins.— B og between Castle Malwootl Lodge and the Ringwood road, Hamiishire.
Mr. LyeU.—y . N o t uncommon in th e au tum n a l and early w in te r montJis, in various parts
o f Suffolk: in th e chasm a t Cheddar, Someraetsiiire; and about Torquay and DartmouÜi,
Devonshire,—jliiss Hutchins finds it in Ireland, and ilir. LyeU in the New Fore st, Hamp-
g lii,-e ._ (B o th male and female fi-uctification a re produced in th e sp rin g and autum n.)
P l a n t g row -in g g e n e r a lly in v e iy h vrge p a tc h e s o f som e f e e t in d iam e te r ; th e in d iv id u a ls im b r ic a t in g
e a c h o th e r , a n d m a t te d to g e th e r b y m e a n s o f th e i r ra d ic le s .
Roofs issuing from nearly the whole len g th o f the nerve on th e unde r side o f th e frond,
composed of small dense simple fibres.
Fronds from one to two, and even four inches in length in th e var. fi., oblong, or obovato-
oblong. a t th e base always narrowest, simple, or once or twice divided, w ith o u t any
regula rity, by sh o rt la te ra l segments, the ir ma rgin waved, entire, or a t most only
c u t in to a few sh o rt and very unequal lobes, which are flat o r curved ; a t th e extremity
o f such p lan ts as possess young female fructification a terminal lobe is generally bent
down, so as to conceal i t (f. f. 1. 5 ) : innovations are sometimes produced, simple and
lateral in a and fi, in y terminal, and divided in a dichotomous manner, twice or thrice,
w ith th e extremitie s more o r less forked: th e whole p la n t has a wide, and (except
w hen held between th e eye and th e lig h t) not a very conspicuous nerve. This, in th e
younger plants, is most evident, and in th e innovations in th e var. y (f. 18)^ is a t all
times very distinct. T h e cellules o f th e frond are la rge and ova te : th e cofor a deep green,
much d a rk e r about th e nen®, whe re a p urple tin g e is also n ot unfrequent.
M a le F r u c t i f i c a t i o n s itua ted in th e up p e r surface o f th e frond, and always confined to th e
nerve, in which th e Anthers are imbedded, a single one beneath a small swelling or tubercle
(f. f. 1. 5 . 6. 7 ) ; each is o f a roundish figure, and a g reyish color, o r in a more advanced s ta te
yellow, surrounded by a pellucid limbus. As it is only in a dried specimen th a t I have y e t had
th e o pportunity o f examining th e Anthers, I have been unable , satisfactorüy, to distinguish
th e footstalk, wliich, in a ll probability, is extremely short, like th a t o f J . pinguis.
F em a l e F r u c t if ic a t io n upon th e same p lants with th e male, a s well as upon different individuals;
like it, too, proceeding from th e uppe r side o f th e nerve, th o u g h a sweUing may be observed
beneath, in th e young s ta te o f it (f. f. 1. 5 ). ...........................
T h e calyx appears to be formed by th e bu ra tin g o f th e frond, which takes place ne a r the
extremity, o r sometimes n e a r th e middle o f th e p la n t: w h a t appears a t first b u t an
irreg u la r laceration in th e frond (f. 17). afterwards becomes a tu b u la r, and somewhat
plicated calyx (f. f. 9. 10) , varying in length from h a lf a line to a line and a half, having
its mouth a little expanded, and toothed in a very evident b u t irreg u la r m anne r; in its
color, and in th e form o f its cellules, i t pa rtak e s, as may be supposed, o f th e n a tu re o f
those o f th e frond.
Calyptra, when young and enveloping th e capsule, o f an ovate figure, approaching to round,
lipped with a long tu b u la r style, and be a rin g , on various parts o f its surface, abortive
pistilla, which, like th e style, are tu b u la r, a little expanded a t the m outh, and irregularly
to o thed: thro u g h o u t th e ir whole len g th , they are marked with reddish lines, and have
also numerous transverse striæ . When it has reached its fu ll siz e , the calyptra is o f an
I liave already, unde r J . muUijida, noticed th e cliaracters by wliich th a t species may be known
from th e smaller varloties o f J . pingois. -wMch, imleecl, in th e general outline o f the frond, bears
a still closer resemblaiice to J . epiphylla ; the difficulty of ilistingulsliing these two, will, however,
vanish when the g re a te r thinness and fa r less succulent nal u ie , th e larger cellules, more reticuUtcd
appearance, and, above all, th e nerve o t th e la tte r are taken into considération. T h e female
trnc tllic a tion o f th e two species is also totally different In its situation, and affords most decisive
and neve r-fa iling marks o f distinction. Dillenius, who was well acquainted with th e two in this
sta te , has assuredly fallen into an e rror, in his tab. 64. f. 42. u. s. and K, where he has represented
th e antheriferous fronds o f J . epiphylla, although he has, in the same plate and figure, a t the
le tte re r . and u . published a v ery satisfactory likeness o f th e tru e male fructification o f J . pingáis.
In Schmidel's plate also o f J. pingáis (leones, tab. 35. / . 1. 6. 7J , is figuied a Jungermannia.
which, not only in th e shape o t th e frond, h u t also in the tubercles which i t bears on ita upper
surface, has a close resemblance to th e anthe r-be a ring specimens o t J . epiphy lla, b u t the contents
o f thes!; tubercles, or acervull, as th ey are calleil, are so different from the anthers o f .1. epiphylla.
th a t it impossible they should be intended for them ; the ir stru c tu re , also, is most remarkable,
which tem p ts me to transc ribe Schmidel's elaborate description o t th em , causing, a t the same time,
no little re g re t, th a t it is neither in my power to confirm, by my own observation, so interesting
an account, o r even to sugge st an opinion, as to th e ir probable use. ■■ Maio e t Ju n io , ac sequentibua
æstivis mensibus obsecvati cespites in medio disco mo n stra re soient glomeres seu acervulos, ex
basi ro tu n d â in conicam formam elévalos, modo alternos, modb conjúgalos, ex supinh frondis tacìe
surgente s, to to s cx vcsieulari laxàque compage conllatos. prò incremento frondia semper sibi
snccedentes. quo d u ra n te , apex rami e rig itu r c t introrehm complicatur; eo veri) cessante, ampliari
e t explanari incipit. Júniores virescunt, in vertice foveolam gerentes : adnltiores a u t soli, au t cun,
to tà frondis su bstantià , mbescere plerumque inclpiunt. Sensim cuticula seu reticulum foveol®
distenditur, u t contenta in »cervulo transpa re ant. Paulto post liquor comprehensus au t nudos
conspicitur, a u t pa rs ejus in vcsictdas oblongas, numero onto, novem ve! deoem extuberat, quas
foveam, coronæ in sta r, am biunt ; mo.x tamen spoiite cadere non ta rdant. Vesículas istas a liquore
acervuli proficisoi, inde p a te t, quìa semper post vesiculaium ortnm cavea minus piena reperitur.
Lìquor ipse denslusculus, non perlucens, sed lacteì coloris e st, e t coraprehenditur cayeâ uniloculari,
ex rotundo oblongà. in ipsius acervuli gremio exscnlptà, cujus orificium pro p ria serie reticuli
c ircumda tur. A liq u i m o r i in te rje c tà , succus is. au t in moléculas mínimas divisus, a u t in globuli
oval'is re ticu la ti fonnam conglutina tus, exploditur magia, qu'am eff'unditur, vel lul acervuli latera.
vel in frondcm ipaam. Non autem diu ita re stâ t, sed non ipse aolùm, sed e t vesiculae su p rà dicta)
propullulantes in tra die! decnrsum vel in tra b iduum , u t distinctà vidi, sordescunt, diffinnnt atque
tandem dispatent. Quo facto, cavea vacua allquimdiu re s tâ t, e t tandem cum ipso acervulo decrepito
a bole tur Eodem tcmporis spatio versus apices ramorum noduli a u t tnbercula occurrunt, m
superficie p ro n i frondis sita, e t supetnà tr a n sp a re n ti., qnie ex Omni verisimilitudme vaaciilorum
p rimordia su n t. commodissimà tunc fc cundanda ." — Tlien again, a fte r describing th e female
fnictification, he continues: " Robus ita se habenlibus, si Ikiuoris, in ncertmlis contenti, natura
c t brevis duratio consideratur, cx munì veri similitudine acervuli orgaiia masculina, e t liquor
eonim, fe cu n d an s dici me rentur. Efficacia lieiuoris istius, eo tempore effusi, quo flosculi vasculiferi
primis incimabulìs involuti adhuc su n t, tempestivà transferri potest ad loca destinata, non obstante
styli brevitate ; ehm maxima filorum pars vertici Vasculi inse rta repe ria tu r. cujus re i excmpla alia
in poste ram adhuc occun'ciit. E x a ite rà pa rte Granula, concursu plurium s tm c tu ra rtm i elaborata
e t disseminata, diuquc post tlispersionem du ran tia , pro seminibus, e t Hosculi Vasculaque pro