be setaceous, p a te n t, incurved, furnished, as in J . trichophylla, w ith tran sv e rse dissepiments,
which fo n n jo in ts r a th e r lo n g e r th a n broad, a little swollen in th e middle,
and often also d iiid e d by lo n g itu d in a l septa , in a m an n e r s imila r to th a t o f th e
p lants forming th e division o f th e Confervce, which Mr. DiUuyn has caUed “ longi-
tu d in a litè r venosæ ” : the se dissepiments a rc visible also in th e y ounge r branches,
b u t th e old ones w an t th em , aud have th e common cellular appeai-ance o f th e
gen u s. 'lire color o f th e leaves, and, indeed, o f th e whole p la n t, is generally a pale
yellowish g re en , d a rk e r, an d even o f a n olive brown, when i t grows in very shaded
situa tions. In d rying, th e same disposition o f th e coloring m a tte r appears as in
J . trichophylla, and th e leaves become m u ch more incurved.
Perigonial leaves so thickly clustered upo n sh o rt branches as to form a little spherical
ball, very evident even to th e naked eye. T h e exterior a re for th e m o st p a r t simple;
th e inierior, from a broad and expanded base, become, a t th e extrem ity , divided into
a num b e r o f na rrow laciniæ o f u n c e rta in le n g th s ; all o f th em incurved and lying
closely im b ric a ted over each other.
Perichætial leaves (f. f.*S. 8) equalling h a lf th e len g th o f th e calyx, to which th ey are
closely appressed : aU o f th em oblongo-ovate, and divided nearly to th e ir base into
several na rrow , whitish, and sometimes bran ch in g , laciniæ.
The M a le FKUCTinCArioN, which I have received from Mr. Lyell since th e en g rav in g o f th e
pla te was completed, differs from th a t o f J . trichophylla in b e in g situ a ted u p o n extremely
sh o rt la te ra l ramuli. T h e Anthers a iis e from th e axillæ of th e p e rigonia l leaves. T h ey a re
extremely smah, ovate, approacliing to round, ivhen pe rfe c t o f a n olive-green color. T h e
footstalk is a b o u t th e len g th o f th e an th e r, w hite , pellucid, h aving numerous ti-ansverse
septa , which a re very e i'itlent u n d e r a h ig h power o f th e microscope.
F e m a l e F r u c t if ic a t io n la te r a l , s e s s ile , o r s u p p o r te d u p o n a v e ry s h o r t f o o ts ta lk .
Calyx (f. 9) ve iy small, scarcely exceeding a q u a rte r o f a line in len g th , n a rrow a t its
base, th e n cylindrical, verv peUucid, almost w h ite , o f a n extremely th in an d delicate
tex tu re , ma rked all over w ith oblong re ticula tions, which a re la rg e in pro p o rtio n to
th e size o f the calyx ; th e m o u th is n o t a t all contra c ted, b u t o f th e same w id th as
th e re s t, c u t in to munerous lo n g e re c t cilia.
Cuhjpira (f. 10) ovate, w hite , th in and delic a te , ma rked w ith roundish re ticu la tio n s;
a t th e base surrounded by five o r six almost lin e a r, greyish, abortive pistilla.
Peduncle r a th e r more th a n a q u a rte r o f an inch lo n g , pellucid, delicate, vasculose.
Capsule ovate, deep brown, opening in to four equal, ovato-lanceolate, transversely and
longitudina lly furrowed i-alves,
Seeds and spiral filamenls (f. 1 2); b o th o f th em in every re spe c t resembling those of
J . trichophylla: many o f th e la tte r co ntinue to adhere in a similar manne r to th e
ma rgins o f th e valves o f th e capsule (f. 1 1 ), a c ircumstance n o t uncommonly
observable in many species o f this genus.
Seeds and spiral filaments fu lv o u s ; the former nearly spherical and smooth, th e la tte r
composed o f a double helix, co n tin u in g to adhere to th e m a rg in s o f th e i-alves of
th e capsule (according to Schmidel) in a pe c tina ted m a n n e r, as in J . s tia c ta , bicns-
p idata, and others.
O b s , In th e middle o f summe r, o r in autvunn, if th e we a the r was dry, Schmidel remarkeil
a t th e extrem ity o f th e branches and in th e bosom o f th e te rm in a l leaves or on th e apices,
m inute , globular, sessile, s em i-tran sp a ren t bodies, o f th e tfolor o f honey, whicli in a few days
dissolved and to ta lly disappeared. T hese, from th e ir b e in g seen at. th e same tim e w ith the
young calyces, he was led to consider as th e male fnic tilic a tio n , a th in g th a t it is scarcely
kecessary to say he would n o t have done, h ad he seen th e untherie he re figured. I ente rta in
little d o u b t o f ivha t he describes b e in g Gemma;, such as a re found in th e Marchantice and m
o th e r Jungermannia:, also, in which bo th th e male and female fm i t a re pre sent.
Although, from th e history o f th is e leg an t species o f Ju n g e rm a n n ia g iven by Schmidel,
i t appears to be widely s c a tte red th ro u g h o u t E urope , b e in g found from th e Alps of Lapland
to th e Apennines, and covering in Germany whole rocks, yet, in B rita in , i t seems to b e of
ra re occurrence, h aving be en en tire ly oi’erlooked in th is co u n try till th e tim e o f Hudson,
who first published i t in his Flora Anglica, upo n th e au th o rity o f specimens g a th e red in Yorkshire
hy Mr. Richardson, Since th a t period, howevei-, i t has been m e t w ith bo th in Scotland
and Ire lan d ; and from th e la tte r co u n try alone I have received fine specimens in fru c tific a tio
n , g a the red by Miss Hutchins. R o th 's var. 3. o f this species I have ven tu red to make a
synonym to th e following, J . setacea. T h e leaves described in th is place, us well as hy
all pre c eding write rs, as simple and clustci’cd, m ig h t, pe rhaps, with more p roprie ty, b o th in
this and th e foUowing species, be considered as s ingle and c le ft to th e very base in to a n um be r
o f segments ; an opinion which is s tren g th en ed by th e p e cu lia r s tm c tu r e o f th e perichætial
leaves ; fo r the se appe a r to be composed o f a num b e r o f cauline ones connected below, and
hav in g as many laciniæ as th e re a re leaves u n ited . Dr. Sm ith has happily rema rked th a t this
species, in a dry sta te , is d istinguished from th e mosses among which i t grows by its mucorlike
appearance, a ris in g from th e m in u te capillai7 o r setaceous leai'es: in th e form o f these
it agrees w ith no o th e r B ritish species o f Ju n g e rm an n ia , except J setacea, u n d e r th e descriptio
n o f which will be found th e ch aracters th a t more pa rticu la rly distinguish them.
Schmidel says th a t th e female fructification is u n c e rta in in p o in t o f s itua tion, an d he
b o th figures and descrilies some calyces as grow in g on th e middle o f th e surculus. I have
in va in examined a g re a t many specimens to see any th in g s imila r, and T am led to suspe
c t th a t he m u st e ith e r have confounded J . trichophylla and setacea to g e th e r (which, from
th e p inna ted ramification o f some o f his unmagnificd figures, I still m ore incline to th in k th e
case), o r th a t w h a t he saw were old calyces, originally tcn n in a l, b u t th en ap p e a rin g la te ra l,
on account o f t h e . elongation o f a shoot, as 1 have myself n o t unfreqiiently remarked.
RE FER EN C E S