in J . epip h y lla a n d J . B la s ia I c an n o t f in d th a t it e x is ts a t a ll : th e a n th e r s a p p e a r n o t on ly
se ssile , b u t im b e d d e d , in th e la t t e r sp e c ie s , in th e s u b s ta n c e o f tlie n e rv e ; a n d , in th e
fo rm e r , in a la te r a l p ro c e s s o r p e c u lia r r e c e p ta c le , e v in c in g a n a p p ro x im a tio n to th e g e n u s
M a r c h a n tia . T h e fo o ts ta lk is fo u n d in a ll th e fo lia c eo u s s p e c ie s o f J u n g e rm a n n i® .
I n th e f ro n d o s e sp e c ie s , th e a n th e r is , a s j u s t o b s e rv e d , som e tim e s b u r ie d in th e n e rv e ;
som e tim e s i t is a f f ix e d to th e u p p e r su r f a c e , a s iu J- L y e ilii (tab. 77) a n d J hibernica
(tab . 7 8 ), a n d som e tim e s to th e low e r su rfa c e , a s in J .f u r c a t a a n d J . p ubescens: in e ith e r
c a s e it is c o v e re d b y a p r o p e r p e r ig o n ia l s c a le .
I n m o s t in s ta n c e s th e a n tlie r s a r e , in th e fo lia c eo u s sp e c ie s , co n c e a led b y c lo s e ly -im b ric
a te d p e r ig o n ia l le a v e s ; e a ch l e a f in c lo s in g a n in d e fin ite n um b e r , f rom o n e to fiv e o r s ix ;
som e tim e s th e y a r e to b e s e e n on th e o ld b r a n c h e s ; som e tim e s , a s in J . p la ty p h y lla (tab. 40)
a n d m a n y o th e r s o n ly u p o n th e in n o v a tio n s , w h ic h , a f te r th e d e c a y o f th e a n th e r s , b e com e
p e r f e c t b r a n c h e s . T h e y a r e o n som e in d iv id u a ls , a s J . I lo o k e r i (tab. 5 4 ), in th e ax illæ o f
le a v e s th a t a r e n o t c lo s e ly im b r ic a te d , a n d th e y a r e th e n e x p o s e d to view ; b u t n o t so m u c h
so a s in J . lanceolata (tab. 18) a n d J . p u s illa (tab. 6 9 ), w h e r e th e y a r e p la c e d o n th e s tem ,
w ith o u t a n y c o v e r in g o r p ro te c tio n w h a te v e r . F r e q u e n t ly th e y a r e fo u n d o n th e sam e
p la n ts w h ic h b e a r th e fem a le fru c tific a tio n ; b u t m o r e u su a lly o n d is tin c t in d iv id u a ls .
C A L Y X .
A s in th e p hæ n o g am o u s p la n ts , so in th is g e n u s , sp e c ie s a r e to b e m e t w ith th a t a r e
q u ite d e s titu te o f a p e r ic h a tium o r c a ly x , a s I h a v e h ith e r to c a lle d i t ; o f su c h , ex am p le s
a r e s e e n in J . concinnata (tab . 3) a n d J . I lo o k e r i (tab . 5 4 ). I n J . compressa (tab . 5 8 ),
J . ju n ip e r in a (tab. 4 ) , a n d J . scalaris (tab . 6 1 ), th e pe rich e e tia l le a v e s , b y th e ir u n io n , se em
to p e r fo rm th e office o f th e c a ly x in a f fo rd in g p ro te c tio n to th e g e r r a e n w ith in . T h is
p a r t , in th e g r e a t e r n um b e r o f sp e c ie s , is s in g le ; v e ry sm a ll a n d b y no m e a n s c o n c e a lin g
th e c a ly p tr a in J . f u r c a t a (tab . 57) (w h e r e i t is lik e a s c a l e ) , in J. ep ip h y lla (tab. 4 7 ),
J . m u l t i fd a (tab. 4 5 ), a n d J . p in g u is (tab. 4 6 ), w h e r e i t is c u p - s h a p e d , l i i J .p o ly a n th o s
(tab . 62) i t is h a l f th e le n g th o f th e c a ly p t r a ; w h ils t, in a lm o s t e v e ry o th e r o f th e g e n u s ,
i t is m u c h s h o r te r . I t s m o s t c om m o q f ig u r e is tu b u la r , w ith th e m o u th , h ow e v e r, sm a lle r
th a n th e d iam e te r a t th e m id d le , a s in J . excisa, J . setiformis, &c. I n J . lanceolata (tab. 18)
th e a p e x is d e p r e s s e d : a c um in a te in J . p um ila : in m o s t a little p lic a te . I n J . asptenioides
(tab. 1 3 ), J . nemorosa, J . complanata, a n d s e v e r a l o th e r s , i t is c om p r e s s e d , a n d , b e fo re
th e e x s e r tio n o f th e c a p su le , is c u rv e d a t th e a p e x a n d a lw a y s a little s lit d ow n o n o ne
s id e ; a n g u la r in J . c r enulata (tab. 3 7 ), J . h y a lin a (tab. 6 3 ), J . M a c k a ii (tab. 5 3 ), J . m in u tissima,
a n d in J . h am a tifo lia ; in w h ic h l a t t e r th e a n g le s a r e o f te n s e r r a to -d e n t a t e : c am p a n
u l a t e in J . p u s illa (tab. 69).
T h e m o u th is g e n e r a lly r o u n d is h , to o th e d in m a n y sp e c ie s , fo u r c le ft in J . sphe rocarpa;
b e a u tifu lly c ilia te in J- connivens a n d J . trich o p h y lla ; tru n c a t e a n d fla tte n e d in J . u n d u la ta
a n d J . asplenioides.
T h e su b s ta n c e is, in a lm o s t a l l th e sp e c ie s , v e ry n e a r ly th e s am e w ith th a t o f th e
le a v e s ; m em b ra n a c e o u s in J . B la s ia , a p p ro a c h in g to c a rn o s e in J . io?nenieZZa, e x c e e d in g ly
80 in J . Trichomanis a n d J . v iticulosa : i t is sm o o th o n th e s u r f a c e in e v e ry sp e c ie s , e x c e p t
J . d ila ta ta , in w h ic h i t is tu b e r c u la te d .
I n r e g a r d to s itu a tk r ,, th e c a ly x is c ith e r te rm in a l, a s in J. a s p k n im k s , J . exisa, &o.: S itu .u ...
la te r a l a s in J litim alifolui, J ca /yp lrifo lia , J v itim lo sa , a n d J Trich om a n is: p la c e d upo n
s h o r t la te r a l b ra n c h e s , a s in J . T amarisci, J albescens (S a p f l . ta b . 3 ), a n d J . S p h agni
(S u p p l. ta b . -1) ; o r u pon s lio r t b ra iio h e s a t th e b a s e o f th e sh o o ts, a s in J . bwuspidata
(tab. 11) a n d J- comdvens. L a te r a l , u p o n th e s u p e r io r su rfa c e o f th e s tem in J . p u s illa :
a r is in g from th e low e r s id e o f th e s tem in 1- Sphag::i a n d J . I r ik h a la .
T h e in s e rtio n o f th e c a ly x is in e v e ry in s ta n c e , am o n g th e B r itis h sp e c ie s a t le a s t, In^rU.n.
u p o n its b a s e , so th a t it be com e s e re c t, e x c e p t in J . Trichomanis (tab. 79) a n d J . m tic n b sa
(tab. 6 0 ), w h e r e th e c a ly x is a ffix ed to th e stem b y (h e s id e o f th e m o u th ; a n d th e c a ly x
i ts e lf is th u s p e n d e n t a n d b u r ie d in th e e a r lb . I b a v c se en a s im ila r in s tan c e in a species
b r o u g h t by M r . M e n a ie s from N ew Z e a la n d , w h e re , h ow e v e r, i t is te rm in a l u p o n an
u p r ig h t g row in g p la n t, a n d , c o n s e q u e n tly , n e v e r h u r le d in th e so il, lik e om- spe c ie s.
A m o n g th e f ro n d o s e J u n g e rm a n n i» , w e fin d tw o sp e c ie s which p o s s e s s th e p e cu lia rity DouWr Calyx
o f h a v in g a d o u b le c a ly x , J . L y e lfii (ta b . 7 7 ) a n d .1. h ib e ru k a (ta b . 7 8 ) ; o f th e s e , th e
o u te r is sm a ll a n d l a c in ia te d , th e in n e r m u c h l a r g e r , a n d o v a te o r o b lo n g ; in o n e , it
e x c e e d s th e le n g th o f th e c a ly p t r a ; in th e o th e r it is s h o r te r . A s till m o r e rem a rk a b le
c ircum a tan o c ta k e s p la c e in .1. B la s ia , tvlioro th e c a ly x is im b e d d e d w ith in th e su b s ta n c e
o f th e f ro n d (ta b . 8 3 ). I n J . epip h y lla it o r ig in a te s on th e u p p e r s u r f a c e ; in J . p in g u is
a n d J . muUiJida (tab . 45) a t th e s id e ; a n d in .} .fa r e a ta from th e u n d e r s id e o f th e n e rv e .
P I S T I L L J .
O f th e s e th e r e a r c f rom th r e e to e ig h t o r te n w h ic h a r e im m e d ia te ly su r ro u n d e d by Pistm».
th e c a ly x , o r , in th e absen c e o f th a t , b y th e p e ric h a jtia l le av e s . T h e t r fo rm is lin e a r , a n d
a p p ro a c h in g to la n c e o la te in som e s p e c ie s ; b u t s h o r t a n d o r a t e m J . p in g á is , J . f areata,
a n d J . m uU ijid a : th e ir m o u th is a lw ay s s lig h tly e x p a n d e d . T h e ir s tru c tu r e lik ew is e
a p p e a r s to be c e llu la r ; th e i r co lo r is w h itish o r p a le g r e y w ith a few r e d d is h lo u g itu d iu a l
s t r l » . O n e , o r r a r e ly tw o , o f th e s e p is lilla is m a d e f e r t i l e ; a n d th e n th e low e r p a r t sw e lls ,
a n d h c o om c s th e ge rm en , o f a n o liv e g r e e n co lo r, w h ils t th e u p p e r r em a in s a s th e sty le ,
v a ry in g in le n g th in d iffe ren t spe c ie s. O f th isg e r ijic » , * 0 e x te r io r p a r t (w h ich s e em s to
h a v e som e affinity w ith th e a r illu s o f th e Caric e s) c o n s titu te s w h a t is c a lle d th e
C A L Y P T R A :
th is c o n s e q u e n tly ta k e s th e fo rm o f th e fu ll-g row n g e rm e n : i t Is m em b ra n a c e o u s in Caljptm.
th e g r e a te r n um b e r o f sp e c ie s ; s u b e a rn o s e in J . epiphy lla, J .p i: :g u is , J . muUijida, a u d
J .j 'u r e a t a ; b u t sm o o th in a ll, e x c e p t th e tw o la s t, o f yvliich, in J . muUijida, it is tu b e r -
e u la te d , a n d in J .f u r c a t a h isp id . W h e n th e g e r r a e n is suffic iently l a r g e ; th e In te rio r p a r t,
n ow b e com e th e capsule, b u r s ts w ith a n ir r e g u la r v e r tic a l o p e n in g a t o r n e a r th e sum m it,
a n d th e c a p su le e le v a te d u p o n its w h ite , c e llu lo se
P E D U N C L E ,
is p r o t r u d e d to v a rio u s le n g th s , a c c o rd in g to th e sp e c ie s ; b e in g v e ry lo n g in J . cpipAj/ZZa Pedund.-
a n d J . p in g u is ; s h o r t in J .fu r c a ta , J . p la ty p h y lla , J - ju n ip e r in a , &c. I n J- heterophylla it