T h e b ifa rio u s íu s e rtio n o f th e le a v e s is b y f a r th e m o s t com in o n , us in J . cu ro ifo lia
(ta b . 1 6 ), J . sca la rh (ta b . 6 1 ) , &c. J .ju la c e a (ta b . 2 ) , J . la x ifo lia (tab . 5 9 ), u n iiiJ .jv n ip e r in a
(ta b . 4 ), h a v e th em q u a d r if a r io u s ; a n d in J . H o o k e ri, (ta b . 5 4 ) J . tr ic liophy lla (ta b . 7 ) a n d
J- setacea (tab . 8 ), th e y a r e m u ltifa rio u s ; th a t is to s a y , th e y g row in d is c r im in a te ly f rom a ll
s id e s o f th e stem .
Direction. J h e direction o f th e le a v e s is lia b le to c o n s id e r a b le v a r ia tio n , ev en in th e s am e sp e c ie s.
I n th o s e w ith le a v e s d isp o s e d in m u ltifa rio u s d ir e c tio n s , th e y g e n e r a lly p o in t u pw a rd s ,
tow a rd s th e e x trem ity o f th e s tem , w h e th e r t h a t b e e r e c t, a s in J . H o o k e ri, o r p ro s tr a te , a s
in J . setacea (tab . 8 ). S u c h lik ew is e is th e i r d ire c tio n in som e sp e c ie s w ith b ifa rio u s le a v e s ,
o f wWeh w e h a v e e x am p le s in J . em a rg in a ta (ta b . 2 7 ) a n d J . concinnata ( ta b . 3 ) : b u t fo r
th e m o s t p a r t , th e sp e c ie s o f th is s e c tio n a r e e n d ow e d w ith le a v e s wh ich a r e in d iffe re n tly
p a t e n t o r e r e c t ; in s ta n c e s o f wh ich a r e s e e n in J . a nómala (ta b . 3 4 ), J . S p h a g n i ( ta b . 33),.
J . Tat/Lori (ta b . 5 7 ), &c. I n J .ju n ip e r in u (ta b . 4) th e y a r e r em a rk a b le fo r p o in tin g a ll o n e
w ay.
I n e v e ry B r i t i s h sp e c ie s o f th e g e n u s , th e le a v e s a r e a l te rn a te a n d d is tin c t. I n tw o
fo re ig n sp e c ie s , f rom N ew Z e a la n d , I h a v e s e e n th em o p p o s ite , u n ite d , a n d p e rfo lia te .
Í " d e s c r ib in g th e fo rm s o f th e le a v e s , I m u s t b e g t h a t th e te r r a s m a d e u s e o f m a y be
u n d e r s to o d w ith a c e r ta in d e g r e e o f la titu d e ; n o t o n ly b e c a u s e som e v a ria tio n ta k e s p la c e
in th e le a v e s tliem s e lv e s , u p o n th e s am e in d iv id u a l sp e c ie s , b u t b e c a u s e th e te rm s in u s e
fo r p h æ n o g am o u s p la n t s a r e n o t s t r i c t ly a p p lic a b le to th o s e o f th is fam ily . W h e n m e n tio n
is m a d e o f a n o v a te o r o f a n o rb ic u la r le a f, th e e x p r e s s io n i s so f a r in c o r r e c t, th a t ,
h a v in g a b ro a d t r a n s v e r s e b a s e , in g*eneval, th e c irc um fe re n c e w ill n o t fo rm m o r e th a n
th r e e - fo u r th s o f a n o v a te o r o rb ic u la r f ig u r e . I a llu d e to th e s e fo rm s m o r e p a r tic u la r ly ,
b e c a u s e th e y , a n d th e i r v a r io u s m o d ific a tio n s , a r e th e m o s t f r e q u e n t to w h ic h th e le a v e s a r e
s u b je c t.
T h e y a re o v a te in J . viticulosa (ta b . 6 0 ) , J . Trich om a n is ( ta b . 7 9 ) , a n d in th e u p p e r
le a v e s o f J . a nómala (tab . 34} ; o b o v a te in J . spinulosa (tab . 14) : o rb ic u la r in J . S p h a g n i
(ta b . 3 3 ) : s u b q u a d r a te in J - p o ly a n th o s (ta b . 6 2 ) a n d J p u s illa (tab. 69) : a c in a c ifo rm in
J . albicans (lab. 15) : h g u la t e u p o n J . H o o k e r i (tab . 54) : cu n e ifo rm u p o n J . m n e ifo lia
(tab . 64) : a n d o v a te a n d o rb ic u la r le a v e s a r e fr e q u e n tly fo u n d o n th e s am e p la n t, a s in
J . a n ómala (tab. 3 4 ). I n a ll, th e y a r e p la n e o r c o n v e x .
I n v e ry m a n y sp e c ie s th e y a r e m o r e o r le s s d iv id e d a t o r n e a r th e e x tr em ity . S l ig h tly
n o tc h e d in J . em a rg in a ta (tab. 27) a n d in J . concinnata (tab . 3) : d e e p ly so in J . excisa (tab. 9 ) ,
J . v e n tr k o sa (tab . 2 8 ), J . b k u s p id a ta (tab. U ) , J . U d e n ta la (tab. 30) : b ifid in J .ju la c e a
(tab . 2 ) ; d e e p ly so in J . ju n ip e r in a (tab. 4 ) ; tr if id in J . tr ilo b a ta (tab. 7 6 ), J . reptans
(tab . 7 5 ), J . incisa (tab. 1 0 ), a n d / . ca p ita ta (tab. 80) : q u a d r if id in J . s e tifo rm is (tab. 2 0 ).
I n a ll th e s e th e s e gm e n ts a r e e q u a l in s iz e , a n d e ith e r e x p a n d e d , a s in m o s t sp e c ie s ;
in v o lu te , a s in J . curoifolia (tab . 16) ; o r co n n iv e n t, a s in J . connivens (tab. 15).
A c o n s id e ra b le v a r ie ty is to b e o b s e rv e d in th e ap ic e s o f th e le a v e s , w h ic h a r e ro u n d e d
a n d o b tu s e in a g r e a t n um b e r o f s p e c ie s : a c u te in J . D ic k so n i (tab . 48) a n d m a n y o th e r s :
a c um in a te in J . ju n ip e r in a (tab. 4) a n d J . cu ro ifo lia (tab . 16) ; v e ry s h a r p , a n d a lm o s t
c u s p id a te a n d d ia p h a n o u s in som e s ta te s o f J . ba rh a ta (tab . 7 0): b u t n o n e o f th e g e n u s
h a v e e v e r , th a t I am aw a r e of, a h a ir - lik e te rm in a tio n , wh ich is so com m o n am o n g th e
le a v e s o f th e M o sse s.
T h e r e a r e m a n y s p e c ie s w h o s e le a v e s a r e c le ft in to two s e gm e n ts o f (g e n e ra lly ) Division,
u n e q u a l s iz e s ; a n d th e s e s e gm e n ts a r e co n d u p lic a te , o r m o r e o r le s s fo ld ed a n d a p p r e s s e d
to e a c h o tlie r. I s a y g e n e r a lly , b e c a u s e , in J . re supinata (tab. 2 3 ) , w e h a v e a n e x am p le o f
n e a rly , a n d som e tim e s q u ite , e q u a l c o n d u p lic a te s egm e n ts . I n th e r e s t th e y d iffe r in siz e ,
a n d som ew h a t in f ig u r e . T h e d iv is io n is s lig h t in J . exsecta (tab. 19) a n d J . m in u ta
(tab . 44) ; in som e o th e r s , su ch a s J . complanata (tab. 81)', J- M a c k a ii (tab. 5 3 ), J . h am a li-
f o l i a (tab. 5 1 ), a n d J . m in u tissim a (tab. 5 2 ), th e le a f m ig h t r a th e r b e d e s c r ib e d a s h a v in g
a sm a ll la te r a l a p p e n d a g e , w h ich is u su a lly in v o lu te , tlia n a s b e in g d iv id e d in to two
s e gm e n t s ; b u t a r e g u la r g r a d a tio n from J . m in u tissim a , th ro u g h J . se rp y llifo lia , J . M a c k a ii,
a n d J . com planata, to th o s e w h ic h a r e s tr ik in g ly tw o -lo b o d , is so im p e r c e p tib le , t h a t i t is
n o t p o s s ib le to d r aw a lin e o f d is tin c tio n .
I n o th e r sp e c ie s th e lo b e s a r e d e e p ly d iv id e d , p a r tic u la r ly in J . umbrosa (tab . 2 4 ),
J . p la ty p h y lla (tab . 4 0 ), J . u n d u la ta (tab. 2 2 ), J . nemorosa (tab. 2 1 ), a n d J . p la n ifo lia
(tab. 6 7 ). I n th is la s t sp e c ie s , m a n y o f th e le a v e s a r e d iv id e d d ow n to th e v e ry s tem ; in so
m u c h th a t I h a v e b e e n le d to d e s c rib e th e tw o lo b e s a s d is tin c t le a v e s , w h ich , in fa c t, th e y
a r e , in som e p a r t s o f th e p la n t, w h ils t, in o th e r s , s u b s e q u e n t e x am in a tio n s lia v e en a b le d m e
to d is c o v e r th e s e lo b e s u n ite d , a n d r e s em b lin g so n e a r ly th o s e o f J . nemorosa (tab. 2 1 ),
th a t I sh o u ld b e tem p te d to r e g a r d i t a s a v a r ie ty o f th a t p la n t, d id n o t m y f rie n d ,
D r . T a y lo r , w h o h a s g a th e r e d i t o n its n a tiv e m o u n ta in s , h o ld q u ite a d iffe re n t opinion.
I n e v e ry in s ta n c e , th e la r g e r s e g m e n t e r lobe is p la n e , o r m o re o r le s s c o n c a v e ;
r em a rk a b ly so in J . m in u tissim a (tab. 52) ; in J . c a ly p tn fo lia (tab. 4 3 ), c a ly p trifo rra . T h e
sm a lle r o n e is m o r e v a ria b le , b e in g p la n e in J . p la ty p h y lla (tab . 4 0 ), J . nemorosa, &c. :
in v o lu te in / . M a c k a ii, J . complanata, J . se rp y llifo lia , a n d J . ca lyptrifoUa : s a c c a te in
J . cochleariformis (tab. 6 8 ), J . H u lc h in s ia ( ta b . 1 ), J - d ila ta ta (tab . 5 ) , a n d J. T amarisc i
(ta b . 6 ).
T h e la r g e r lo b e is som e tim e s a g a in d iv id e d , a s in J. Woodsii (ta b . 6 6 ) a n d J . ciliaris
(ta b . 6 5 ) ; in J. cochleariformis i t is n o tc h e d a t th e a p e x . T h e sm a lle r o ne is , I b e liev e , in
e v e ry in s ta n c e en tire .
I n a ll th e k in d o f le a v e s th e n ? a rg in s . a r e fo r th e m o s t p a r t e n t i r e ; s e r r a te d in Margins.
J . albicans (ta b . 15) a n d J . umbrosa (ta b . 2 4 ) : d e n ta te in J . a sp knioide s (ta b . 13) : sp in o so -
d e n ta te in J . spinulosa (ta b . 1 4 ), / . H n tc h in s ia , a n d J . Woodsii: b e a u tifu lly c ilia te d in
J . c iliaris ( ta b . 6 5 ) ; a n d fin e ly la c in ia te in J . tomente lla (ta b . 3 6 ).
I f th e s t r u c tu r e o f th e s tem s b e s im p le , so lik ew is e is th a t o f th e le a v e s ; fo r i t is th e Structure,
s am e in b o th : a tis s u e o f c e llu le s , o f a ro u n d ish o r o v a te f ig u r e , som e tim e s, from th e
c lo sen e ss w ith w h ic h th e y a r e p la c e d , a p p e a r in g h e x a g o n a l. I c a n n o t sa tisfy m y s e lf t h a t
th e r e r e a lly e x i s t a n y p o r e s in th e s e c e llu le s , th o u g h I h a v e th o u g h t I s aw tr a c e s o f th em
in th o s e o f J . ju n ip e r in a . T h e y a r e filled w ith a p e llu c id liq u o r, a n d c o lo r e d g r a n u le s ,
g r e e n in th e g r e a te r n um b e r o f s p e c ie s ; b row n in J . ju n ip e r in a ; a n d p u rp le in som e o f th e
v a r ie tie s o f J . nemorosa, J . cochleariformis, a n d J . compressa.