f a rin o so s g ló b u lo s g e r u n t , v e l sos s ilc s , ve l p c d ic u la to s , q u a ru r a is to s L iim a su s M n iis
a c c e n s e t. C ú m ta r a e n v e r a in v a g in a iii c a v a u i, v e r iiin q u e flo rem q u a d r if id um , n o n c a p su lam
o a ly p tr a tam g e r a n t , ra e lü ls u tiq u e cu ra J u n g e rm a n n i à r a a n e n t.” {H a ll. H e lv . i i i . p . 57.)
Y o t , on th e o th e r h a n d , h e ta k e s in R ic c ia J iu ita n s , w h o s e f ru c tific a tio n , liow e v e r, i t sh o u ld
h e a c k n ow le d g e d , is to th is d a y u n k n ow n .
H e d w ig h a s s tu d ie d , w ith h is a c c u s tom e d a c c u r a c y , th is g e n u s , c o n firm e d m a n y o f
th e o b s e rv a tio n s o f S c hm id e l, a n d m a d e k n ow n o th e r n ew a n d im p o r t a n t fa c ts r e la t in g to
th e o rg a n s o f f ru c tific a tio n : am o n g th em is th a t aU u d in g to th e v e g e ta tio n o f th e s e e d s
o f JungermannicE, w h ic h c om p le te ly c o n tro v e r ts th e o p in io n o f th o s e b o ta n is ts w h o h a v e
su p p o s e d th e c a p su le s to co n ta in th e f a r in a p e c u lia r to th e m a le flow e rs.
T h e g e n e r ic c h a r a c te r , g iv e n in th e A p p e n d ix to th e Species M u s co rum o f th is a u th o r ,
s ta n d s th u s :
“ JüNGERMANNi.4. P e r ig o n ium m o n o p h y llum v e l n u llum . C a ly p tra fis s a p e rs is te n s .
S p o ra n g ium q u a d r iv a lv e , sporarum fila lin e a r ia , to r ta .
Sp e rm a to c y síid ia o v a ta v e l g lo b o s a , c in g u lo p e llu c id o s im p lic i v e l a rtic ú la te v e l n u llo
m u n ita , so lita r ia ve l g r e g a r i a , s e s s ilia v e l p e d u n c u la ta , su p e rfic ie i tru n c l su p e rio ri
v e l in f e r io r i a d n a ta , v e l su b s tan ti® im m e r s a , n u d a v e l folio p e r ig o n ia li c in c ta .
P e iig o n ia f em ín e a v a ri® f ig u r® , c om p r e s s o - tru u c a ta t r a n s v e r s a e t in c u rv a , v e l c om -
p r e s s o - c r i s ta t a m a rg in e d e n ta to , v e l c am p a n u la to -u u d u la ta . l u sp e c ie b u s p e r ig o n io
d e s titu tis , p e rig o n ii v ic e s g e r i t c a ly p tr a f i s s a : ” a n d h e a d d s , th a t, b y c h a r a c te r s
ta k e n from th e perigonia a n d th e spe rmatoc y stidia, th e J u n g e rm a n n i® m a y p e rh a p s
b e d iv id e d in to m a n y g e n e ra .
T h e a u th o r t h a t n e x t m e r its o u r c o n s id e r a tio n is S c h r e b e r , w h o , h a v in g in d u s tr io u s ly
s e le c te d th e m o s t s t r ik in g c h a r a c te r s from th e w r itin g s o f p r e c e d in g b o ta n is ts , h a s th u s
d e fin e d th e g e n u s :
M a s c u e i F lo r e s s e s s ile s in c a u le , fo liis , f ro n d ib u s g lom e r a ti.
C al. v ix u llu s .
Cor. n u lla .
S tam . F ilam e n ta v ix u lla . A n th e rm o v a t® , u n iio c u la r e s , a p ic e d e h is c e n te s ,
F e m i n e i F lo r e s in e àd em v e l d is tin c ta p la n ta .
Cal. P e r ia n th ium e r e c tum , tu b u lo s um , tru n c a tu r a , c r e n a tu r a s - la c in ia tum .
Cor. C a ly p tra s e s s ilis , p e r ia n th io m in o r , su h g lo b o s a , u n d iq u e c la u s a , m em b
r a n a c e a , t e n e r a , s ty lo c o ro n a ta , t a n d em ap ic e rum p e n s .
P i s t. G e rm en o b lo n g um , c a ly p tr a o b v o lu tu ra , s e s s i l e ; S t y lu s b r e v is , r e c tu s ,
p e r v e rtic em c a ly p tr® tr a n s ie n s ; S tigm a s im p le x .
P e r ic . Ca p su la s e t® lo n g® te n e r r im ® in s id e n s , g lo b o s a , u n ilo c u la r is , ta n d em
lo n g itu d in a litè r d eh is c e n s in V á lvu la s q u a tu o r , aequales, p a te n te s , p e r s is te n te s .
S em . p lu r im a , g lo b o s a , a d lig c r e n tia ^ fo to r t i s , e la s tic is , v a lv u lis in fu n d o , ap ic e ,
d is c o v e l m a rg in e ad fix is .
H e lik ew is e a llu d e s to th e JungermannicE acaules, w h ic h , h e s a y s , h a v e th e i r anthers
b u r ie d in th e su b s ta n c e o f th e f ro n d , a n d w a n t a p e r ia n th ium to th e fem a le flow e rs ; on
M'hich a c c o u n t h e d o u b ts i f th e y o u g h t n o t r a th e r to b e c o n s id e r e d a d is tin c t g e n u s .
R o th h a s sc a rc e ly m a d e a le s s e x c e lle n t u s e o f th e la b o r s o f o th e r s , a n d h a s d r aw n
lip a co n c is e a c c o u n t o f th e d iffe ren t p a r ts o f th e fru c tific a tio n , s um m in g u p th e wh o le in
Ihe fo llow in g w o rd s ;
“ Cqp5. su b ro tu n d a , set® mid® in s id e n s , u n ilo c u la ris , ap ic e d eh is c e n s : va lv u lis
q u a tu o r p a te n tib u s . M a s c u li flo ris p e r ia n th ium n u llum .”
A f te r th e v a lu a b le d is c o v e rie s o f S c hm id e l a n d H e dw ig , a n d th e s a tis fa c to ry re a so n s
(lioy h a d a s s ig n e d fo r w h a t th e y s u p p o s e d to b e th e m a le a n d fem a le fru c tific a tio n , it is
r a th e r s u rp r is in g to fin d a n ab le n a tu r a lis t o f o u r d a y , M . P a lis o t d e B e a u v o is , c o n tro v e rtin g
th e ir s y s tem , a n d e s ta b lish in g a th e o ry o f h is own ; a c c o rd in g to wh ich , h e c o n sid e rs th e
a n th e r s to b e th e fem a le fru c tific a tio n , a n d th e c a p su le s th e m a le ; a n d fo rm s c h a r a c te r s
a lm o s t w h o lly from th e fo rm e r , w h ich d iffe r so little in all th e sp e c ie s th a t I h a v e h a d th e
o p p o r tu n ity o f e x am in in g . T h u s , h a v in g r e s to r e d th e Û liche lian g e n u s , Muscoides, in h is
Fiore d 'O w a r e et de B e n in , b u t c h a n g e d its n am e to th a t o f Carpoiopcdium, h e g iv e s th e
fo llow in g c h a r a c te r ;
“ F lores M a s c u l i ; I n r am u lis d i s t in c t i s ; p e d u n c u la ti, g lo b o si a u t o v a ti, q u a d rlfid i :
L a c in i® æ q u a le s , in tù s filam en to soe ; f ilam e n tis e la s lic is , a r tic u la tis , p u iv e ru le n tis ,
a lio rum v e g e ta b ilium s tam in a æ im ila n tib u s ; p e d u n c u lu s a lb u s , m o llis, m em b ra -
n a c e u s , p e llu c k lu s ; v a g in a o b lo u g â , s e u p e ric hæ tio se ssill, m o n o p h y llo , ca ly c ifo rm i
in f r a c in c tu s .
“ F lores F æ h in e i ; I n r am is d is tin c tis : F r u c tu s o v a tu s , a u t g lo b o su s , b re v is s im è
p e d u iic u la tu s , a c um in e p a rv o , s ty lifo rm i a c um in a tu s , so lita riu s , su b sq u am is b ifa riè
im b r ic a tis : R a im ili m e d io p le rum q u e c r a s s io r e s , s u p r a iiifra q u e a tte n u a ti, foliis
d is tic liis iiis tru c ti.”
H e n c e i t a p p e a r s , a s w e ll from th e ab o v e c h a r a c te r o f liis g e n u s , as from th e spe c ie s
th a t th e a u th o r e n um e r a te s a s b e lo n g in g to it, t h a t h e h a s a t tr ib u te d to th e fem a le (his
ma le ) fru c tific a tio n o f J . albicans, J . p la ty p h y lla , J . d ila ta ta , &c., tlis tin g u is fiin g m a rk s
w h ich th e y r e a lly h a v e in com m o n tvltli all th e r e s t o f th e sp e c ie s ; e x c e p t, in d e e d , w h e n
h e s a y s th a t th e ir e la s tic filam e n ts a r e “ a r tic n la ta ,” w h ich d o c s n o t h o ld g o o d in any
sp e c ie s . A n d in d e s c r ib in g th e m a le f ru o tiflc a ü o n (o u r fem a le ), h is c h a r a c te r w o u ld b e
s u c h a s to in o liu te , I lld n k I m a y s ay , a ll th e Ju n g e rm am u x fa tm s c c , w e re i t n o t th a t h e
s ta te s th e “f r u c t u s ’' to b e “ a cumine p a r v o s ty lifo rm i a c um in a tu s ,” a p e c u lia r ity wh ich I
c a n n o t f in d to e x is t in any sp e c ie s , a n d c e r ta in ly n o t in an y o f th o s e h e p o in ts o u t as
h c lo n g iu g to th i s g e n u s ; n o t ev e n h is ow n Carpoiopcdium d kh o tom um , w ith sp e c im e n s o f
wliich h e h im s e lf o b lig in g ly f a v o r e d m e .
T h e g e n u s M a r s ilea , lik ew is e , h e lia s a d o p te d u n d e r th e n am e R h y zo p h y llum , and
p ro p o s e s tr e a t in g o f i t in a p a r t o f h is A e tU o g am ic , wliicli is, I b e lie v e , n o t y e t p u b lish e d .
A s lio r t n o tic e o f it , h ow e v e r , is g iv e n in th e Flore d ’Owure e t de B en in a lr e a d y m en tio n ed ,
w lie re h e th u s s p e a k s o f it, a n d o f h is Conianthos (J u n g e rm a n n ia , M ic h .) . “ N o u s n e
p o n v o n s n o n p lu s n o u s d is s im u le r q u e , d a n s le I lliy zo p h y llum (M u rsü ea , Mioli.) le s fle u rs
fem e lle s o u s em e n c e s s o n t é p a r s e s so u s l’ é p id e rm e , ta n tô t à l’ e x tr ém ité d e s lo b e s de s
f eu ille s , t a n tô t d a n s t o u te le u r lo n g e u r ; q u e , d a n s le Conianthos { J u n g e rm a n n ia , M ic h .) c e s
m êm e s f le u rs o u sem en c e s so n t n u e s e t r a s s em b lé e s en b o u le a u som m e t d e q u e lq u e s