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Dicranodontiiun longirostrc B r . S c h . Bry. eur. fasc. 4 1 , p. 2, t. 1 (1848). R a b e n h .
Deutsch. K r . fl. ii, S. 3 , 149 (1848). W i l s . Bry. brit. 86, t. 39, (1855). S c h im p . Synops.
g6 (i860}, et 2 ed. 99 (1876). B e r k . Handb. br. m. 274 (1863). M i l d e Bry. siles. 75
(1869). D e N o t . Ep. bri. ital. 636 (1869). H u s n . M o uss. nord-ouest 55 (1873). H o b k .
Syn. br. m . 49 (1873). J u r a t z . Laubm. oesterr.— ung. 52 (1882).
Trichostomum longirostrc H a r tm . Skand. fl.
Didymodon denudatus L in d b . Musc. scand. 25 (1879).
Dio icous; in soft tufts, l — 3 in. high, erect or ascending, almost naked
at base, pale or g los sy yellow-green above, interwoven with rufous
tomentum. L e a v e s readily deciduous, falcato-secund, from a subva-
ginant base, lon gly subulate, involute-concave, serrate or entire at
apex, smooth a t b a c k ; basal aur icles suddenly inflated, equal to all
base o f wing, hyaline and usually rufescent toward margin, upper cells
small, quadrate ; nerve broad flattened, h a lf width o f base, excurrent.
Perich. b ra c ts longly sheathing, suddenly subulate with the excurrent
nerve, la xly a reolate b e low ; seta pale, flexuose. Capsule small, subcylindric,
leptodermous, pale brown, nearly e q u a l; lid straight, rostrate,
long as capsule ; peristome pale red. Male infl. terminal, gemmaceous.
H ab .— On turfy banks and rotten wood in subalpine districts. Fr. very
rare. 8.
Cromagloun (Taylor 1841). O’Sullivan’s cascade {Hunt 1867)! Stirrup wood, Mottram
(Whitehead i860)! ! Highgreen wood, Heptonstall (Nozvell)! ! Hebden valley and
Staley brushes (Hunt 1865) ! ! Bolton (Dr. Wood). Trefriew, Carnarvon (Dr. Wood
1863) ! Bowness (Hunt 1871) ! Trossachs [Wilson 1858) ! ! Campsie [McKinlay) !
Ben Arthur [Dr. Stirton 1866) ! Barmouth [Whitehead 1877)! ! Skye, in fruit [Prof.
Lawson 1872) ! !
Var. ¡3. alpinus (Schimp.)
Plants taller and more robust; leaves not deciduous, erect or subsecund
rather rigid.
S y n .— Campylopus alpinus S c h im p . Bry. eur. Suppl. I - I I (1864). B r a it h w . Journ. Bot. 1870,
p. 389. H o b k . Syn. br. m. 5 1 {1873).
Camp, pacbyneuros M o l e n d o M o o s - s tu d . a u s d em A lg . a lp . 63 (1865).
Camp, intermedius W i l s . MSS.
H a b .— Twll-Du near Llanberis [Wilson) ! Arrochar, with fruit [McKinlay). Callander (Stirton).
Glen Callater and Stronaclacher (Hunt) ! ! Ben More in Glen Dochart [Schimper
1865) ! Summit of Ingleboro [Hunt 1867}! ! Powerscourt, Lough Bray, Kelly’s Glen,
Cushendall and Kylemore [Moore)\\ Cader Idris [Whitehead 1879)!! Ben Wyvis
[Howse 1870)!
This very variable moss resembles Ditrichum flexicaule, from -which it is
easily separable by the different areolation of the leaf at base.
In Bot. Zeit. 1870, p. 392, Milde has an excellent paper ''ueber Dicrano-
dotitium,” in which he shows that Camp, alpinus must be referred as a variety
to the present species, as Juratzka had already done in Hedwigia, 1867,
p. 180, the rhombic and oval upper cells of a Campylopus being absent. He
enumerates five other varieties, one of which circinatim, must be restored to
specific rank, and placed, as Mitten has done, under Dicranum uncinatum.
The second species Die. aristatum S chimp. must also be referred without
the slightest doubt to Dicranum asperulum M it t e n , with fertile Indian plants
of which ours agrees precisely in leaf-structure.
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I I . C A M P Y L O P U S B r id .
Mantissa 71 (i8ig).
Mosses resembling Dicramm in habit. L e a v e s with a broad nerve
o f several strata o f cells, furrowed or smooth at b ack ; basal cells
dilated, hyaline or brown at th e exca v a ted angles. Ca lyp tra cu cu lla te ,
fringed at base. Caps, on an arcuate or flexuose or rarely straight seta,
equal, pachydermous, generally striated, deeply sulcate when dry.
Annulus o f i — 3 series o f cells. Peris tome dicranoid.— Inhabiting turfy
ground and rocks. D e r.— KajXTryXos curved, tods a foot.
Nearly 200 species are referred to this genus, some of which are no
doubt synonymous, and a great number are only known in a sterile state ;
more than one-third of them are natives of central America. C. Mueller and
some other bryologists retain the genus as a section of Dicramim, yet it has
a peculiar facies readily recognized after a little practice, by which we may
with certainty separate the two. Several species produce slender flagelliform
branches, by which they propagate, and very frequently the stems are matted
together by an abundance of branched radicles produced from the axils or
backs of the leaves. The leaves themselves are densely crowded, imbricated
when dry, erecto-patent when moist, and frequently terminate in a white
hair ; above the base the marginal cells are extremely narrow, and they
become wide and rectangular towards the nerve, the transverse walls being
frequently incrassate, in the narrow part of the lamina they are much smaller,
quadrate, rhombic or oval, and often crammed with chlorophyl ; the structure
of the nerve is best seen in transverse section, the back of it being often
furrowed by the projection of alternate rows of cells, which sometimes even
extend into lamellæ. The curious falling off of the leaves in several species
of this genus and in the last is attributed by Lindberg to some change in the
contents of the basal cells, akin to the fatty degeneration in animal tissues,
the result being the arrest of circulation through those cells and their separation
from the stem.
C lavis to th e S p e c ie s .
Leaves concolorous.
Leaves not auricled at base.
Nerve ^ width of leaf-base.
Nerve more than ^ width of leaf-base.
Stems tomentose above.
Nerve ^ width of base; basal cells large, lax, hyaline.
Nerve f width ; basal cells small and narrow.
Stems not tomentose above, very short.
Leaves auricled at base.
Stems not tomentose above, nerve above half width of base.
Leaves dense, nearly entire.
Leaves shortly and gradually subulate, margin indexed
from above base.
Leaves longly subulate by the margin being inflexed
suddenly at ^ their length.
Leaves distant, serrate above.
Stems tomentose throughout, nerve one-third width of base.
pyriformis.
fragilis.
Schimperi.
subulatus.
Schwarzii.
Shawii.
setifolius.
fiexuosus.
Leaves long, suddenly subulate for ^ length of leaf.
Leaves short, gradually narrowed into a subula half their length, paradoxus.
Leaves with hyaline points.
Point of leaf a hoary hair.
Leaves auricled at base ; nerve J width. atrcvirens.
Leaves not auricled ; nerve § width. introficxus.
Hyaline point very short ; nerve ^ width of base. bravipilus.