confined to Scandinavia. I agree with Lindberg in regarding A. Thedenii
S c h im p . , as a var. of A . Havtmani, and A . sparsifolia Z e t t e r s t ., as a var. of
A . petrophila, very near to aipestris.
C l a v i s t o t h e S p e c i e s .
Leaves nerveless.
Leaves ovato-lanceolate, papillose, entire
petrophila.
Leaves obovate-spathulate, apiculate, smooth, serrate at basal margin.
alpina.
Leaves nerved.
Leaves oblong at base, subulate, smooth ; nerve toward apex without any
lamina.
crassiiiervis.
Leaves ovate at base, lanceolate, smooth ; nerve flattened, the lamina narrowed
but distinct to apex.
Rothii.
Leaves oblongo-lanceolate, papillose, laxly areolate ; nerve narrow, the lamina
broad and distinct to apex.
nivalis.
Sect. I . E U A N D R E Æ A . L i n d b .
L e a v e s and perichætial b ra c ts different in form, th e la tte r e re c t and
convolute, nerveless, or sca rcelji nerved.
* Leaves nerveless.
I . A. PETROPHILA. Ehrh.
Autoicous ; in small, fragile, olive green or fuscous tufts. L e a v e s
nerveless, crowded, from an e re c t base, divergent, sometimes secund,
entire, papillose a t b ack, ovate or ovato-lanceola te, the apex muticous
and somewhat obliquate ; areolation incra ssa te, punctiform and
orbicula r at apex, sinuoso-rectangular a t base. P e r ichæ tia l b ra c ts
large, convo lute. (T. I a )
S y n .— Jungermannia alpina L. Sp. PI. 1 13 5 , n -2 2 (17 53 ) ; et 2 ed. ii, 1601 ( 17 6 3), p.p. et herb.
W e b . Spie. FI. Gott. 15 2 , excl. syn. ( 1 7 7 8 ). R e t e . FI. Scand. Prod. 2 2 1, excl. syn. ( 1 7 7 9 ) .
R o t h FI. Germ. ¡ ,4 8 5 ( 17 8 8 ) . FI. Dan. t. 1002, f. i ( 1 7 9 0 ) . L i l j e b l . Svensk FI. 323
L 7 9 2 ) - S cH R A D . Spie. FI. Germ. 76 ( 17 9 4 ) . H u e b . Hepat. Germ. 3 0 1 , excl. syn. pi.
Andr. petrophila E h r h . in Hann. Mag. 1784, 9 Stück, 140; Beitr. i, 192 (1787), excl. syn.
et Dec. Crypt, n. 67 (1786). H o f fm . Deutsch. FI. ii, 80 (1796). S t u r m Deutsch. FI.
fase. 2, 3, f. b. C. D . (179g). T h e d e n . in Nya Bot. Not. 184g, p. 78, f. 37-44. H a r t m .
Skand. FI. 6 ed. 437 (1854). Z e t t e r s t . Mon. Andr. Scand. 42 (1855). S c h im p . Bry.
Eur. VI, Mon. 13, T . i (1855); Syn. Muse. Eur. 660 (i860) et 2 ed. 812 (1876). S u l l .
Moss. Unit. St. 13 (1856). H o o k . f i l . FI. Tasm. ii, 161 (i860) ; Handb. N. Zeal. FI.
400 (1867). B e r k . Handb. Br. M. 309 (1863). M i t t . Jour. Lin. Soc. xii, Bot. 628
(1869). M i l d e Bry. Siles. 256 (1869),. D e N o t . Epil. Briol. Ital. 746 (1869). H o b k .
Syn. Br. M. 21 (1873).
A.^Hrophila, a. alpina et rupestris W a l l r o t h FI. Crypt. Germ. 92, excl. syn. plur.
. „ = A7 T 7 f 2, excl, svn. (1801). Smith f i , Brit. 1178, exd.
A. rupestm i ty ’?. exd. syn, pinr. (1804). P. Beauv.syn. {1804). Eng. Bot, t. 77, Prodfr. . 54, 25 ¡11880057 .■
Beid. M^usc. Ree. 11, P. D 44 t I j , (i8to). S chwaegr. Supp. 1,
HOOK. Trans. L.n Soc^ 4 a ? M u s e . Br. 2, t. 8 (rSiSp Smith 'comp. FI. Br. 3 ed^ 163
P. I, 42 (1811). Etoo . . ,jg2i). G ray Nat.Arr, Br. PI. 1,709, 2 (1821). Brid.
(1818). -sp^ijHO. Syst, Veg. iv, 216 (1827), Swartz Adnot. Bot. 181,
™H0o ? B r . FL ii.’s (1833)- Dan. Tab. 2125, f. 2 exd.
syn. P'’"“ (''^34). M ^ ka . j
? r s c ^ ^ 846) M u s e i 'e exd syn. L. et Dil l . (1849). W il s . Bry. Bnt. 12, t. 8 (1855).
IA' ’ T Muse Hib 13 (1804). B rid. Muse. Rec. u, P. i, 45 (1806); et Manl.
A. alpma Tm n Hib. 3 ( « 1. 11, f. 3,4 (1807). Schwaeg. Snppl. I,
^‘ “f 4 T i i ) .'’ VO« Mu“ Herbip. 130 (1I12). W a h l e n FL Lapp 306, exd^ syn
r . ^ 44; (, ) • FI Caroat. a34, excl. syn. L. et. Eng. Bot. (1014) , et i 1.
UnS'^''3q2 (^82^0) s ix R T i Summ. Veg. Scand. 38 {1814}. L im e b l . Syensk FI. 3 ed-
/q A? A«PT7rREN Blek FI. 74 (1823). F r ie s Stirp. Agr. Femsjon. 29 (^25).
^ utiv ^ 72 8 p p! (1827). ^ Sw 'A tz Adnot. Bot. 180, excl. syn. L. et D i l l .
B r io . Bry. un . > 7 ’ P P (1832). W a h len . FI. Suec. 2 ed. 11, 809 (1833).
380(1820). F r i e s Stirp. Agr. Femsjon. 29 (1825).
fnngerm. rupestris Hueb. Hepat. Germ. 303- excl. syn. plur. (1834)-
A u to ico u s ; rufescent, olivaceous or bla ckish. Stems ctespitose,
J - i in. high, nearly erect, simple or dichotomous. L e a v e s crowded,
nerveless, v ary ing much in form, direction, and texture, from an e re c t
base, suberect and la xly appressed when dry, patent and diva rica te when
m o is t ; straight or a little incurved at apex, often secund on the youn g
su r cu li; ovato or oblongo-lanceolate, muticous or with a minute apiculus,
concave, generally obliquate a t apex and hence slightly asymmetric, the
margin entire, subinflexed, th e point often with a hyaline border and
crenulate. Areolation dense, sinuoso-linear at base, dot-like and
orbicular a t apex, the ce lls strongly and obtusely papillose at b ack,
especially in the upper part o f leaf.
PerichEetium la rge, outer b ra c ts imbricated, inner convolute, very
broad, oblong, smooth, soft, and yellowish. Capsules small, pale at
base, rufo-fuscous. Male infl. on d istinct branches {cladautoicous), b ra cts
three, v ery concave, bro adly ovate, pointed ; antheridia 5-7.
PIab.— Mountain rocks ; common. Fr. 6-8.
A green obtuse leaved form on The Cobbler, Arrochar {George 1879) ! !
It is only in mountainous districts that this little moss forms a conspicuous
object on the rocks, which are dotted over with its beautiful brown
or black cushions, so slightly attached at the root that it is but seldom good
herbarium specimens can be procured. Th e number of varieties quoted
under this species are evidence of the varied aspects it presents to us, but
however much the leaves may differ in color, form, or direction, their ceil
structure exhibits great uniformity, and indicates that sound characters for
the distinction of species must chiefly be based on this feature. Th e pale
color of the base and neck of the capsule in this plant is very marked.