linear-lingulate, obtuse, margin erect and remotely denticulate above,
conve.x at b a ck and obscurely muricate below a p e x ; when dry adpresso-
in cu rv ed ; lam e ll* about 36, subundulate, rather high and somewhat
distant, each in section o f 5— 8 small, equal rounded cells. S e ta purple,
often fle x u o s e ; capsule ovato-globose, erect or inclined, pale olive,
turbinate when dry and con tra c ted below the wide mouth ; lid convex,
protuberant, ros tellate ; teeth 32, linear, obtuse, hyaline with a purple
median line. C a lyp tra cuculla te, rufescent, sca rce cov erin g all capsule.
Co lumella cylindric.
Male infl. cyathifo rm, inner b racts ob ov ato-lanceola te, the nerve
thin, with a few lamellse at apex.
H a e .— B y roadsides, on san dy p la c e s on h e ath s and b an k s in woods. N o t
uncommon, but much less frequent than the n ext species . F r . 1 1— 2.
Var. /3. Longisetum [Hampe] Lindb.
Leaves longer, more linear. Seta much elongated ; capsule oval-oblong.
Syn.— Pol. nanum var. (3. longisetnm Hampe MSS. C. M u e l l . Synops. i, 204.
Pogon. nanum var. (3. longisetnm Br. Sch. Bry. eur. mon. 5, t. 7, f, ¡3.
Pol. s2ibrotundum var. (3. longisetnm Lindb. op. cit. 143.
H a b .— Near Virginia water, with the ordinary form (ByaithwaUe, 18 6 8 ) ! !
Near Penzance (Cumow) ! Bickleigh down (Holmes), Yanaton down,
Devon (Brent).
Several forms of this ■ moss occur, one of which with linear, shorter,
eroso-denticulate leaves is the P. pumilum S w a r t z and other old authors ; and
P . semidiaphanum B r i d . only differs in the broader border of the leaf being
pale and thus more transparent ; P. subrotundum was also kept distinct from
P. nanum for a state in which the leaf was almost entire. In this species
alone, the inner membrane of the sporangium is in contact w ith the columella,
the cylindric form of which is evident by a transverse section of the capsule,
and is thus useful to distinguish this species from the next, in .such a dubious
form as the var. longisetum.
2. POLYTRICHUM ALOIDES Hedw.
D io ic o u s ; stem short, simple or innovating. L e a v e s sheathing,
broadly lanceolate, subacute, sharply serrate a t margin and b a ck of
nerve. Capsu le erect, oblongo-cylindric, lid co n ic o - ro s te lla te ; co lu mella
4-winged. (T. V I , B.)
Syn.— Polytrichum parvum, Aloes folio serrato, capsulis oblongis D i l l . Hist. musc. 429, t. 55,
f. 7 (1741) et Herb.
Mnium polytrichoides var. ¡3. L. Sp. pi. ii, 1112 (1753).
Ditto var. longifructum Ehrh. in Hann, mag. 1780, 236.
Pol. subrotwidum var. /3. H u d s . Fl. angl. 400 (1762).
Pol. nanum W e is s Fl. gott. 173 (1770). L ig h t f . FI. Scot. ii, 701 (1777). H u d s . op.
cit. 2 ed. 470 {1778). Sw. meth. musc. 26, p.p. (1781). Lindb. in not. ur Sallslt. Fn.
et. Fl. fenn. tdrh ix, 139 (1867). Var. ¡3. Le yss. Fl. hal. 2 ed. 263 {1783).
Pol. mnioides N e c k . Meth. musc. 123 (1771).
Pol. aloefoUum I et 2 Scop. Fl. earn-2 ed. i i , 309 (1772).
Pol. aloides H e d w . St. crypt, i, 37, t. xiv (1787) ; Sp. Musc. 96 (1801). W i l l d . Fl. berol.
11. 914 (1787). R o th Fl, germ, i, 458, et hi, 332 (1788). T imm Fl. meg. n. 772 (17S8).
S ib t h . Fl. Oxon. 307 (1794). W i t h , Bot. arr. Br. Veg. 3 ed., m, 796 (1796). H o f fm .
Dent. Fl. ii, 24 {1796). S w a r t z musc. suec. 78 (1798). M e n z . in Tr. Lin, soc. iv, 70
(1798). B r id . musc. rec. ii, P. I, 72 (179S) ; Sp. musc. i, 72 (1806) ; Mant. musc. 200
(i8ig). H u l l Br. F l.P . 2, 247 {r799). H o p p e Bot. Tasch. 155 (1800). R ö h l . Moosg.
Deutsch. 192 (1800). S m . Fl. Brit, iii, 1380 (1804) ; Eng. Bot. t. 1649. T u r n , M u sc .
hib. 88 {1804). S c h u l t z Fl. Starg. 287 (1806). W e b . M o h r Bot. Tasch. 226 (1807).
V o it musc. herb. 60 (1812). W a h l e n . Fl. carp. 349 (1814). S c h w a e g r . Suppl. I, P. 2,
322 (r8r6). H o o k . T a y l . musc. brit. 28, t. xi (1818). H o o k . Fl. scot. P. 2, r26 (1821) ;
Brit. Fl. ii, 50 (1833). G r a y Nat. arr. Br. Veg. i, 721 (1821). Z e n k . D i e t e , musc.
Thiirlng. n. 32 (1822). W a l l r . Fl. crypt, germ, i, 197 (1831). H u e b e n . musc. germ.
522 (1833), B.i l s , D e N o t . Pr. Bry. Mediol. 22 (1833). M a c k . Fl, hib. P. 2, 28 (1836).
D e N o t . Syll. musc. n. 2r i (1838). F io e . M a z . Bry. rom. 2 ed. 30 (1841), R a b e n h ,
Deutsch. Krypt. Fl. ii, P. 3. 235 (1848). C. M u e l l . Syn. musc. i, 202 (184g).
Pol. rubellum M e n z . in Tr. Lin. Soc. iv, 79, t. vii, f. 3 (1798). H u l l Br, Fl. P. 2, 248
( ly g g ) . S m ith Fl. Brit, iii, 1381 (18 04 ); E n g . Bot. t. 1939. B r id . S p . musc. I, 73
(1806), et Mant. musc. 201 (1819 ).
Pogonatum aloides P. B e a u v . Prodr, 84 (rSoö). R ö h l . Deuts, Fl. iii, 60 {rSi3) ; Ann.
Wett. Ges. iii, 229 {1814). B r id . Bry. univ. ii, i ig (1827). B r . S c h im p . Bry. Eur. iv,
Mon. 6, t. 8 (1844) ; Syn. musc. 439 (i85o), et 2 ed. 535 (1876), W i l s . Bry. Brit. 206,
t. xi (1855). B e r k . Handb. Br. m. 210, t. ig, f. 2 (1863). M il d e Bry. Siles, 248 (i86g).
D e N o t . Epil. Briol. Ital. 339 ( i85g). H o b k . Syn. Br. M. 102 (2873). H u s n . M ous .
du Nord-ouest 135 (1873).
Dio icous ; gregarious or clustered. Stem from a creeping base,
erect, simple, naked below, sometimes bifid and elongated. L e a v e s
crowded, patulous, dull green, lowest scale-like, ovate, the rest g rad ua lly
longer as th ey ascend, from a sheathing, submembranous base, elongato-
lanceolate, rather acute, d istinc tly serrate above and on the b ack o f the
nerve, contracted and appressed when dry ; lamellæ about 48, low,
straight, each in section o f one row o f 3— 5 small, equal, rounded cells.
S e ta purple. Capsule somewhat con tra c ted at base, oblong-urceolate,
erect or inclined, olivaceous, with a red mouth, hnally brown, granulose
toward b a s e ; lid conic, ros tellate ; columella 4-winged ; teeth 32, linear,
pale ; spores pale green. C a lyp tra longer than capsule, whitish, tinged
with ferruginous below.
Male infl. discoid, inner b ra c ts obovate, pointed, with some lamellæ
at apex.
H a b .— Heaths, hollow banks and bj^ the side of paths in woods. Common.
I'r. I I— 2.
Var. ß. Dicksoiii {Turn.) Walim.
Dwarf, stem simple or branched ; seta very short, capsule subobovate,
lid conical, calyptra sometimes confluent below the capsule, sometimes perforated
at apex.
S y n .— Polyt. itanniii H o f f m . Deutsch. Fl. ii. 24. in obs. (1795).
Pol. Dicksoni T u r n . M u sc . Hib. go, t. x, f. 2. Eng. Bot. t. 1605 (1S04). B r id . Sp. musc.
71 et Mant. musc. 2oi.
Pol. aloides iiainiiii W e b . M. Bot. Tasch. 227. in obs. var. ß . Dieksotii V a l l m . in L i l j e b l .
Svensk Fl. 3 ed. 52S (iSi6), H o o k . Tav. M u s c . Br. 28.