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Sul)/. I TOR TULEÆ.
E P H E M E R U M I I am p k .
Ephem. serratum (Schrch.) Hampe.
----------- minutissiiuum L'nuïb.
----------- iutermediuin Mitt.
----------- cohærens [Hcd-w.) Hampe.
- steuophyllum Fofr) Schpr.
recurvifolium {Dicks.) Hampe.
ACAULON C. M u e l l .
1. Acaulon mutieum [Schrcb.) C. M.
3. . — — mediterraneum Limpr.
3. ----------- triquetrum {Spruce) C. M.
PHASCUM L.
1. Phascum acaulon L.
2 . ------------Floerkei Web. Mohr.
3 . ----------- curvicolle Ehrh.
POTTIA E h r h .
1. Pottia recta [With.) L'itt.
~ bryoides {Dicks.) Mitt.
------------Heimii (Hedw.) Fiicrn.
------------truncatula (L.) Lindb.
---------- - intermedia {Turn.) Fucrn.
------------litoralis Mitt.
------------lanceolata {Hedw.) C. M.
------------caespitosa {Bruch) C. M.
----------- Starkei {Hedw.) C. M.
----------- asperula Mitt.
----------- viridifolia Mitt.
------------Wilsoni [Hook.) Br. Sch.
----------- crinita Wils.
----------- latifolia {Schwaeg.) C. M.
TO R TULA H e d w .
Tortula pusilla [Hedw.) Mitt.
----------- lamellata Lindh.
----------- brevirostris Hook. Grev.
-----------stellata {Schreb.) Lindb.
----------- ericsefolia {Neck.) Lindb.
aloides [Koch) De Not.
----------- atrovirens [Sm.) Lindb.
----------- cuneifolia [Dicks.) Roth.
— Vahlii [Schultz) Wils.
----------- marginata [Br. Sch.) Spruce.
----------- canescens Mont.
----------- muralis [L.) Hedw.
----------- subulata (L.) Hedw.
----------- angustata Wils.
------------suberecta Drumm.
----------- rautica {Schultz) Lindb.
----------- papillosa Wils.
-----------Isevipila {Brid.) Schwaeg.
----------- montana {Nees) Lindb.
----------- ruralis (L.) Ehrh.
------------princeps De Not.
PLEU ROCHÆTE L i n d e .
1. Pleur, squarrosa [Brid.) Lindh.
10.
11,
1 2 .
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
MOLLIA S c h r a n k .
Mollia crispa (Hedw.) Lindb.
----------- multicapsularis [Sm.) Lindh.
-----------Mittenii [Br. Sch.) Braithiv.
----------- costellata (Brid.) Lindb.
----------- microstoma [Hcdzv.) Lindh.
----------- squarrosa [Nees Hsch.) Lindb.
— condensa (Voit) Lindb.
----------- viridula (L.) Lindb.
----------- rutilans [Hcdtv.) Lindb.
----------- tenuis [Schrad.) Lindb.
-----------calcarea [Nees Hsch.) Lindb.
-----------asruginosa [Sm.) Lindb.
----------- verticillata (7..) Lindb.
----------- crispula {Bruch) Lindb.
■ litoralis {Mitt.) Lindb.
braehydontia [Bruch) Lindb.
lutescens Lindb.
tenuirostris [Hook. Tay.) Lindb.
- hibernica [Mitt.) Lindb.
flavovirens [Bruch) Lindb.
nitida Lindb.
inclinata [Hedw. fil.) Lindb.
- tortuosa [L.) Schrank.
- fragilis (Drumm.) Lindh.
LEPTODONTIUM H a m p e .
1. Leptod. flexifolium [Dicks.) Hampe.
2 . ----------- gemmascens [Mitt.) Braithw.
3 . ----------- recurvifolium [Tayl.) Lindb.
BARBU LA H e d w .
Barbula curvirostris [Ehrh.) Lindb.
------------rubella [Hoffm.) Mitt.
------------lurida [Hornsch.) Lindb.
----------- brevifolia [Dicks.) Lindb.
Hedw.
----------- reflexa Brid.
----------- spadicea Mitt.
— rigidula [Hedw.) Mitt.
----------- acuta Brid.
— cylindrica [Tayl.) Schimp
----------- - sinuosa [Wils.)
----------- Hornschuchii Schultz.
— revoluta [Schrad.) Brid.
----------- convoluta Hedw.
unguiculata [Hzids.) Hedw.
----------- mucronata Brid.
Subf. 2. C IN C L ID O T EÆ .
C IN C LIDO TU S P. B e a u v .
1, Cincl, fontinaloides [Hedw.) P. Beauv.
Subf. 3- L E E R S 1EÆ.
LEERSIA H e d w .
1. Leersia alpina [Sm.) Lindb.
2 . ----------- exstinctoria (L.) Leyss.
3 . -------— laciniata Hedw.
4 . ------------rhabdocarpa [Schwaeg.) Lindb.
5 . ----------- contorta {Wulf.) Lindb.
l8 l
Fam. 8. TORTULACEÆ.
Plan ts generally rooting only at base, cæspitant or pulvinate,
dichotomous and fastigiate branched. Le a v e s ovate, lan ceo late or
spathulate, soft, areolation above hexagono-quadrate and rounded,
usually highly chlorophyllose and papillose, a t base larger, hexagono-
rectangular, hyaline. C a lyp tra cucu lla te , rarely mitræform or lobed ;
caps, erect, oval, oblong or subcylindric, cleistocarpous, gymnostomous
or peristomate, te e th i6 , on a more or less elongated tubular basal
membrane, lanceolate, or irregularly perforated, or cleft to base into 32
lineal or filiform legs ; strongly papillose, straight, oblique or contorted;
spores la rge and granulose or small and smooth. Inhabiting the ground,
w alls, rocks and tree-trunks ; much more prevalent in the lowlands
than on mountains.
This widely distributed family, so rich in species— for it includes probably
not less than 800— is a most difficult one to deal with, and has taxed
the ingenuity of every bryologist to arrange the species in well-defined genera.
The variations in habit, colour and leaf-structure afford more stable ground
for generic characters than the peristome, and this was first advocated by Mr.
yiiiiQn. Musci IndiiB Or. (7859), but there has been an indisposition to
break up the great genus Tortula, resting solely on the twisted peristome, but
combined with a variable structure of leaves, and still strongerwas the objection
to admit gymnostomous species as congeners with peristomate ones, although
no mosses more clearly exhibit the weakness of this distinction than some of
the old Gymnostomums now referred to Pottia, and the genus Anacalypia. Lind berg
in his Musci Scandinavia has fully carried out the modern views, and I
can only advise all bryologists to stud}^ the plants themselves under this
newer aspect, feeling assured that they will soon appreciate the soundness of
a natural classification.
Mitten and Lindberg unite Pottia with Tortula, and no doubt correct^)
if we take a wide view of the genus, but as \.h.ePotiias have a certain distinctive
habit, and when the peristome is present the teeth have usually a fiat
form, I have retained the genus, rather perhaps from the point of convenience,
as every one must see that Pottia pusilla and Tortula lamcllata ought to be
congeneric.
W e sh?dl perhaps get the truest conception of the genera if we regard
each as the centre of a group of species, among which are phascoid, gymnostomous
and peristomate forms, and radiating in various directions towards
eacli other; e.g., Tortula ruralis unA Encalypta streptocarpa have a strong point
of afiiiiity in the verruciform papillæ of their leaves. The form of the papillæ
deserves notice, and they have not perhaps had sufficient attention directed