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Fru it from near base o f stem, perich. b ra cts ov ate, concave, prolonged
into a sword-shaped lamina ; capsule on a longish flexuose red
pedicel, cernuous or drooping, oblong, subturgld, pachydermous, rufo-
fuscous, con tra c ted below mouth when dry ; lid convex at base, with a
long curved beak, ca lyp tra cuculla te. Male infl. on short rooting ramuli,
b ra cts ovate, concave, p o in ted ; antheridia 2— 3, without paraphyses.
H.ab.— On clay banks in woods, damp fields, and by road-sides. Fr. 10— 12.
Varying little, except in size, and readily known by the absence of
thickened border, crenulate margin, and excurrent nerve, and when fertile,
by the radical perichietia.
12. FISSIDENS ADIANTOIDES (A.) Hedw.
Autoicous ; stem erect, branched ; leaves ob longo-lanceolate, acute,
serrulate above ; se ta from middle o f stem, capsule ovate, lid long-
beaked. (T. X I I , B.)
S y n .— Mnscns fiUcifolius sen pcnnatus aquaticns maxinius. R a y Synops, stirp. Brit, 2 ed. 35, n,
2 (i6g6).
Hypnum erectum fiUcifoliurn ramosum, pinnulis acutis. D i l l , in R a y Synops. 3 ed, 87, n.
39 (1724)-
Hyp. taxiformc palustre ramosum, majus ct crecium. D i l l . Hist, musc, 264, n. 3, t. 34,
f. 3 (1741) ; et Herb.
p. adiantoides L . Sp. pi. ii, 1123 {1753); Syst. nat. ii, 703; Syst. Veg. 950. H u d s ,
Fl. angl. 419 (1762). N e c k . meth. musc. 153 (1771). W i t h . Bot, aiT. Br, veg. 681
(1776). L ig h t f . Fl. Scot. ii, 742 (1777). W e b . Spic. Gott, 48 (1778). R e l h , Fl. cant.
408 (1785). V i l l . PI. Dauph. iii, 894 (1786). S m . Eng. bot. t. 264 (1795). H o f fm .
Deutsch. Fl, ii, 55 (1796). A b b o t Fl. bedf, 244 (1798). H u l l Br. Fl. P, 2, 268 (1799).
Fissidens adiantoides H e d w . Fund, Musc. P. II, 91 (1782) ; Musc. frond. 61, t. 26 {1792).
R o th Fl. germ, i, 459 (1788). B r id . M us c . rec. ii, P. I, 145 (1792) ; Sp. musc. i, 171
(1806) ; Mant. musc. 191 (1819); Bry. univ. ii, 702 (1827). R ö h l , Moosg. Deutsch. 295
I'iSoo); Deutsch. Fl. iii, 77 (1813). P. B e a u v . Prodr. 57 (1805). S c h u l t z Fl. Starg. 292
■ 1806). S c h w a e g r . Suppl. I, P. II, 10 (1816). M a r t . Fl. cr, erl. 109 (1817). F u n c k
Moost. 33, t. 22 (1821). H u e b e n . M u s c . germ. 224 (1833). De N o t , Syll. musc. n.
114 (1838) ; Epil. briol. ital. 478 {1869). B r , S c h im p . Bry. eur. i, Mon. 10, t. 5 {1843} ;
Syn, musc. 108 (i860) et 2 ed. i ig (1876). R a b e n h . Deutsch. Kr. Fl. ii, P. 3, 306
(1848). C. M u e l l . Syn. musc. i, 51 (1849). W i l s . Bry, Brit. 307, t. 16 (1855). H a r tm .
Skand. Fl. B e r k . Handb. Br, m. 156, t. 14, f. 2 (1863), M i l d e Bry. siles, 83 (1869).
H o b k . Syn. Br. m. 137 (1873). H u s n . Mouss. nord-ouest 63 (1873).
Dicranum adiantoides S i b t h , Fl. o x o n . 280 ( i 794)- R o t h . Fl. Germ, iii, 184 (17 9 5 ).
S w a r t z M u s c . S u e c . 3 1 (1799). S m i th Fl, Brit, iii, 1234 (i8o4)_. T u r n . M u s c . h ib . 57
(1804). L a m , D e C. Fl. franc, i, 480 (1805). W e b . M o h r Bot. Tasch, 164 (1807).
S c h k u h r Deutsch, Kr. Gew. P. II, 83, t. 37 (1810). V o it Musc. herb. 36 {1812). H o o k .
T a y l . Musc. brit. 51, t. 16 (i8i8). G r a y Nat, arr. Br. pi, i, 733 (1821). B a l s . D e
N o t . Pr. Bry, med. 131 (1834). M a c k , Fl. hibern. P. 2, 22 (1836).
Fiss. taxifolius Var. ß . W a h l e n , FI. Lapp. 332 (1812),
Skitophyllum adiantoides L a P y l . in D e s v . Jour. Bot. 1813, p. 55, t, 36, f. 15.
Schistophyllum ad. B r id . MSS. L in d b e r g .
Autoicous ; in large bright green or y ellowish green tufts. Stems
I— 5 in. high, generally prostrate at base, w ith sub fa sciculate branches,
which are radiculose a t base. L e a v e s multijugous, flattened or subsecund,
crowded and covering each other at base, oblong and oblongo-
ligula te, suddenly acuminulate ; nerve vanishing in the apex ; a ll margin
minutely serrulate, toward apex eroso-denticulate with larger and smaller
te e th ; vag. lam. above h a lf length o f le a f ; inferior lam. rather broad,
with a rounded, non-decurrent b a s e ; areolation rather lax, rounded-
subhexagonal, in the old lea ves in a broad paler or yellowish border of
rather larger cells. Capsules from middle o f stem, on a long red pedicel,
cernuous or horizontal, oval-oblong, pachydermous, rufo-fuscous, when
dry and empty, strongly con tra c ted below the m o u th ; ca lyp tra cuculla te,
lid long-beaked, about length o f c a p su le ; te e th purple, narrowly trabeculate
exte rna lly, lamello se internally. Perich. bra cts broadly ovate
with a sword shaped v er tica l lamina. Male infl. on the stem near the
female, small, a xillar, gemmiform, bra cts broadly ovate, abrup tly apicula
te, antheridia few, oblong, minute, without paraphyses.
H a b .— Shady wet banks and heaths, subalpine rocks, and at base of walls.
Not uncommon. Fr. 12.
This well-known moss varies considerably in size and colour according
to the locality, in dry places being only half an inch high, and of a yellow-
rufous tint, in wet places deep green and approaching F . polyphyllus in size ;
it occurs at a considerabie aftitude on the mountains.
13. FISSIDENS POLYPHYLLUS Wils.
D io ic o u s ; ta ll, s ca rce ly b ra n ch ed ; leaves crowded, elongato-
lanceolate, not bordered, entire, nerved to a p e x ; se ta lateral, very
short, capsule cy lindra ceous, cernuous. (T . X I I , C.)
S y n - Fissidens polyphyllus W i l s . in lit. B r u c h . S c h p . Bry. eur. vi, Mon. Suppl. T. III. (1851);
Syn. musc. log (i860), et 2 ed. 121 (1876). B e r k . Handb. Br. m. 158 (1863).
F.asplenioidesYox. fl. polyphyllus W i l s . Bry. Brit. 306, t. 53 (1855). H o b k . Syn. Br. m.
137 {1S73).
F. adiantoides p. p. C. M u e l l . Syn. Musc. i, 51.
F . Welwitschii S c h im p . Syn. Musc. 2 ed. 120 (non Duby).
F. polyphylloides S a u e r b . in Adumb. Musc. ii, 65S ( 18 7 9 ) .
D io ico u s ; stems 3— 12 in. long, e re c t or dec linate at base, simple
or sparingly branched, tomentose with rufous radicles. Le a v e s crowded,
e recto-paten t, flattened or secund, somewhat twisting at apex and
flexuose when d iy , elonga to-lanceolate, not bordered, minutely crenulate
at extreme point, nerve lost ju s t below i t ; vag. lam. reaching beyond
middle, infer, lam. g rad ually narrowed towards base, not decurrent,
areolation minute, rounded-hexagonal, with large chlorophyl granules,
th at o f vag, lam. la xe r and larger.
F ema le plant small, l i in, high, se ta about 1 in. long, erect, arising
near the top o f stem ; capsule inclined or horizontal, pachydermous,
chestnut brown, cylindraceous, narrowed at base into a neck ; teeth o f
peristome firm, orange red, erect, ra ther sliort, c le ft h alf w a y into two