* I
(1842). R a b e n h . Deutsch. kr. fl. ii, S. 3, 103 (184S). C. M u e l l Synops. i, 596 (1849).
S c h im p . Syn. 163 (i860), 2 ed. 1S9. M i l d e Bry. siles. i i i (i86g). L e s q . J am e s
Mosses n. amer. 116 (1884).
Tortula rígida S c h r a d . Spic. fl. germ. 66 (1794). B r id . Sp. musc. I, 245 excl. syn.
(1806). S w a r t z Musc. suec. 40 (1799). R o th Fl. germ, iii, P. I, 211 (1800). A o n g s t .
in Nov. act. soc. Upsal. xii, 373 {1844). S p r u c e in Ann. mag. n. h . 2 ser. iii, 374 {1849).
W i l s . Bry. br. 120, t. 32 (1855). D e N o t . Musc. ital. I, 17, t. 3 (1862) ; Epil. bri. ital.
52g (iS6g). B e r k . Handb. Br. m. 25g (1S63). J u r a t z . Laubm. oester.-ung. 125
(1SS2).
Tort, enervis PIk . G r e v . in B r e w s t . Ed. journ. i, 288 (1824). H k . T a y l . Musc. br. 2 ed.
52 e x c l. s y n . Suppl. t. 2 (18 2 7 ). H a r tm . Skand. fl. 5— 8 edd.
Tort, brevirostris H k . G r e v . o p . c. 2S9 p.p . H k . T a y l . op. c . 53 (nec d ia g n .). G r e v .
S c o t t , c r . fl. v i. t. 3 3 1 (1829 ).
Desmatodon rigidus M i t t . Journ. Lin. soc. i, suppl. 38 (1859).
Tortula stellata L in d b . de Tort. 233 {1864). H o b k . Syn. br. m . 63 (1873).
D io icous ; short, simple, gregarious or la xly cæspitnlose. L e a v e s
from an erect sheathing base, pa tulous, lower small ovate-oblong,
ferruginous, upper tw ice as long, deep green, oblong, muticous or
ap icu la te , margin inflexed ; neiwe broad, cov ered on surface with 2— 5
jo in ted threads. C a l. straw-coloured, long-beaked, rea chin g to middle
o f caps. S e ta reddish brown, caps, e re c t, o v ato-e lliptic or subcylindric,
reddish-brown ; lid long beaked, crenulate at base, ann. broad, revoluble ;
teeth o f per. longer, purplish, tw ice convolute ; spores smooth. Male
plants v ery minute, b ra c ts three, broad, ovate, obsoletely nerved.
H ab.— Mud capped walls in calcareous districts. Fr. 9— 3.
Near York {Spruce). Newtimber, Sussex [Mitten) ! Near Ilkley [Baker, 1859) ! Oxford
[Boswell, i860)!! Mottram, Cheshire [Whitehead, liSbo) \ Blackburn and Burnley
[Hunt, 1S67) ! Cambornej Cornwall [Curnow). Craiglockhart and Crookston Edinburgh.
Cork and Dublin [Moore). Pontefract and Knottingley [Dr. Wood). Gloucester
[Stark). Peak forest [Whitehead, 1871) ! Crambeck, Maltón, Hovingham, and Scalby
[Spruce, 1843). Yate, Bristol [Thwaites). Bowness.
This species is readily recognised by the elliptic capsule, and the
calyptra reaching halfway down. In dry seasons the upper leaves sometimes
run out into a short hyaline point, which even extends into a long
hair— the var. Uligeva D e N ot.
5. TORTULA ERIC.®FOLIA [Neck.) Lindh.
Dio icou s ; short. L e a v e s patulous, ligu la to -lanceo la te, obtuse,
incurved at tip. Cap s, erect, cylin d ric ; annulus simple, subpersistent,
ca l. covering the lid o n ly ; per. short, once tw isted. (T. X X X , G.)
S y n .— Bryum acatdon, Ericce tenuifoliai Gtr. folio D i l l . Hist musc. 388, t. 49, f. 55 (1741) et
Herbar.
Bryum ericcefolium N e c k e r in Act. ac. Theod.-pal. 11,451 {1770); Meth. musc. 193 (1771).
Barbula rigida H e d w . St. crypt, i, 65 p.p. t. 25 excl. fig. 16 (1787).
Barbula brevirostris F v e rn r, et B rvch In Flora xij, P. II, 599 (1829). H u e b e n , M usc .
germ. 308, excl. syn. (1833).
Tortula aloides D e N o t . in Mem. ac. Torin. XL, 306 p.p. et Syllab. 177, p.p. (1838)-
Barbula ambigua B r . S c h im p . Bry. eur. f. 13— 15, Mon. 14, t. 2 (1843). R a b e n h . Deutsch.
kr. fl. ii, S. 3, 104 (1848). S c h im p . Synops. 164 (i860), 2 ed. igo. C. M u e l l , Synops.
i, 596 (1849). M i l d e Bry. siles. i n (1869). L e s q . J am e s Mosses n. amer. 116 (1884).
Tortula ambigua A o n g s t . in nov. act. soc. Upsal. xii, 376 (1844). S p r u c e in H o o k .
Journ. Bot. iv, 191 (1845), et Ann. mag. n. h. 2 ser. iii, 374 (1849). H a r t m . Skand. fl.
5—8 edd. W i l s . Bry. br. 120, t. 42 (1855). B e N o t . Musc. ital. I, 16, t. 2 (1862) ;
Fpil. bri. ital. 529 {1869). B e r k . Handb. br. m. 259 (1863). L in d b . de Tortul. 234
(1864). H o b k . Syn. br. m. 64 (1873). J u r a t z . Laubm. oester.-ung. 126 (1882).
Dio icous ; short, la xly cæspitose. Le a v e s longer, horizontal, e x panded,
from an ovate base, lineal-lanc., incurved at tip, arcuate when
dry, reddish at b ack. Seta red below, pale above. C a l. short, reaching
ju s t to lid ; caps, erect, cylindra ceous, brown, sulcate when dry, ann.
narrow, persistent, lid elongato-conic, entire at m a rg in ; te e th o f per.
longer, red, once twisted, when dry arcuato-incurved; spores smooth.
H ab.— W alls and marly banks. F r . 1 1— 3.
Welburn, Maltón, and near York [Spruce, 1847). Warrington, Ciitheroe, and Newton
Viaduct (WîfroK, 1848)!! Pontefract and Knottingley (Vowi//). BnstoX [Thwaites).
Blackburn and Burnley [Hunt) ! ! Dublin and Cork [Moore, 1874) ! ! Sussex [Mitten).
Witney and Oxford [Boswell) W Bowness [Barnes) \ Beaumaris [Wilson, 1856)!!
Plymouth [Holmes)\ Wadebridge and Newlyn cliff, Cornwall [Curnow). Bearley,
Warwick [Bagnall). Reigate [Holmes, 1873) ! ! Wetherby, Yorks. [Wesley) I !
Often g row ing with T. aloides, but eas ily known b y the cu cu lla te tips of
th e leaves, the erect c y lin d r ic capsule and the bright red incurved teeth.
6. TORTULA ALOIDES [KocJi] De Not.
D io i c o u s ; sh o r t. L e a v e s lo n g , lin e a r - la n c e o la te , a c um in a t e , a c u te .
C a p s , c y lin d r a c e o u s , in c lin e d , su b a r cu a te ; c a l. r e a c h in g a lit t le b e low
th e lid , p e r . s c a r c e tw is te d , a r cu a to - in cu r v e d w h en d ry . (T . X X X I , A.)
Syn.— Bryum rigldnm Sm. Eng. Bot. t. 180 (1794)*
Tortula riTda Sm. Fl. brit. 1249 (1S04). Hook. T a y l. Musc. br. 30 p.p. t. 12 (181S).
Hook. G re v . in B r ew s t . Edin. Journ. i, 289 p.p. (1824). W i ls . in Eng. Bot. Suppl. t.
2759 (1834). Hartm. Sk. fl. 4— 8 edd.
Trkhostomum aloides K o c h MSS. S c h u l t z Recens. Barb. 197 (1823). B r id . Bry. univ.
i, Suppl. 8i 5 (1S27). W a l l r . Fl. crypt, germ, i, rye.
Barbula aloides F u e rn r . B ruch in Flora XII, P. II, 598 (182g). Hueben. Musc. gerrn.
307 (1833). Be. Schimp. Bry. eur. f. 13— 15, P- 15. «• 2 (1842)- C- M u e ll. Synops. i,
596 (1S49). R.ABENH. Deutsch. kr. fl. ii, S. 3, 104 (1848). Schimp. Synops. 165 (i860) ;
2 ed. ig i. M ild e Bry. siles. i i i (1869). H u s n . Mouss. nord-ouest. 78 (1S73).
Tortula aloides D e N o t . Syllab. musc. 177 (1S38) ; Musc. ital. I, 15, t. i (1S62) ; Epil. bri.
ital. 528(1869). B e r k . Hand. br. m. 25g (1863). L in d b . de Tort. 235 (1864). H o b k .
Syr. br. m. 64 (1873). J u r a t z . Laubm. oester.-ung. 126 (18S2).
Dio icous ; short, dull green. L ea ve s e recto-patent, longer, rigid,
linear -lanceolate, acuminate, acute, nerve incrassa te in the middle,
con v e x at b ack, often reddish. Caps, from curving o f the seta, cernuous
or subhorizontal, cylindraceous, subarcuate, rufo-fuscous on upper side,
pale fuscous beneath ; cal. rea ching a little beyond lid, ann. o f small
cells, lon g persistent, lid rostrate, a cute ; teeth o f per. v ery slender,
pale red, simply contorted, when dry a rcuato-incurved with the points
assurgent ; spores larger, smooth.
H ab.— C la y banks and wa ll tops. F r . 1 1— 2.
Dublin, Mayo, Sligo and Galway (Moore). Ripley, Yorks. (Baker 1S56) ! Islip and
Shotover, Oxford (BosrocH 185S) ! ! Beaumaris and Bangor (IFi/soii 1S63) ! ! Black