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170 AGARICACEÆ
Chitonia agrees in structure with Amanitopsis,
Acetabularia.
Volvaria and
Species 786
786. C. R U B R IC E P S Sacc. (from the red pileus ; ruber, red, caput, the
head) a.
P. expanded, umbonate, smooth, even, brick-red. St. rooting,
dull pale reddish-ochreous, paler below. Vo. large, sheathing,
saccate, torn at edge. G. subcrowded, purplish-brown.
Soil in an aroid house. Dec. i f X 34 X I in.
XXXIII. PSALLIOTA Quél.
(From the annulus; Gx. psalion, a ring.)
Veil universal, concrete with the cuticle of the pileus and forming
an annulus on the stem. Hymenophore distinct from the fleshy
stem. Pilais fleshy. Stem central, fibrous-fleshy, annulate. Gills
free, at first whitish, then frequently salmon-colour, at length
deep purple-brown. Spores dark brownish-purple, brown or reddish-
purple. (Fig. 42.)
All the species grow on the ground and are late sestival or
autumnal, rarely vernal; they mostly grow in rich pastures and on
manured ground, sometimes in woods; a non-British species,
Agaricus geniculatus Briz., grows on wood.
Several species are valued for their esculent qualities.
Psalliota agrees in structure with Lepiota, Annularia and Togaria.
Species 787—800
a. Edules. Larger, fleshy. Edible. 787—794
b. Minores. Usually smaller, thinly fleshy. Not used as food.
795—800
a. Edules.
787. P. augusta Quél, (from its appearance ; augustus, noble) a b.
P. expanded, fibrilloso-squamose, rich ochreous-brownish; marg.
almost white, sometimes appendiculate with V. St. solid,
enlarged below, tan, faintly sienna below. G. crowded, faintly
brownish.
An inferior esculent. Orchards, woods, under spruce-firs, on ant-hills.
Aug.-Sept. 7 X 64 X i j in. Might when young be mistaken for a
Lepiota.
788. P. Elvensis Henn. (from its place of growth when first named,
near the River Elwy, N. Wales, 1863) a b.
P. expanded, fibrilloso-scaly, warm brown with darker scales.
St. solid, equal or attenuate downwards, fibrillose, paler than P.
A. large. G. brownish flesh-colour. Flesh changing to red or
pale rose when cut.
Sometimes cæspitose. Under oaks, beech, fir. Aug.-Sept. 64 X 5 X i j in.
A drawing in Brit. Mus. is dated 1847.
789. P. arvensis Quél, (from its habitat; arvum, a cultivated
field) abc.
P. at length flat, floccose, silky or squamulose, whitish; mid.
faintly yellowish ; marg. ragged with V. St. hollow, attenuate
upwards, even, smooth, white. A. large. G. ventricose, at
length dark purple-brown. Flesh white, changing to pale
yellowish or brownish.
Spring to winter. 7 | X 4J X i j in. The cultivated mushrootns of
gardeners belong to this species. There are several named varieties.
I . purpurascens W. G. Sm., .Agaricus arvensis Schaeff., vz.x.purpurascens
Cooke, P. purple. 2 . albosquamosa W. G. Sm., P. white-scaly.
3, vaporaria W. G. Sm., A. vaporarius Otto, P. even, brown-pilose.
4 . hortensis W. G.Sm. , A . campestris R., ssîx. hortensis Cooke, A’, brownish
fibrillose or squamulose. 5 . Bttchananii W. G. Sm., A. campestris L.,
var. Buchananii Berk., P. smooth as if whitewashed, A . slight, fugacious.
6 . cryptarim W. G. Sm., A . eryptarum Letell, the name applied to the
form grown in caves, grey-white or brownish-white.
789a. P. perrara Magnus (perrarus, very rare) a b.
P. fleshy, globoso-hemispherical, then expanded, scaly, whitish-
ochre; sc. concentric, floccose, brownish-yellow to sienna.
St. stuffed, then hollow, equal or attenuate upwards and sub-
marginately-bulbous, smooth above, squamose below, white to
pale yellowish or salmon-shaded ; sc. salmon-brown. A. large,
superior, membranous, floccose, persistent. G. free to remote,
crowded, whitish, then salmon to full brownish-slate or fuscous.
Flesh white, becoming yellowish, faint reddish-ochre or salmon
when broken.
Taste somewhat sweet ; odour somewhat of anise. Damp ground, under
oaks, near conifers. Aug. S4 X 4 X 4 in. Analogous with 21, 33 and
792a.
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