1 22 AGARICACEÆ
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truly distinct from the fleshy stem, except in 564, although in the
majority of cases it is nearly so. Pileus fleshy. Stem central,
fleshy, annulate. Gills adnato-decurrent, adnate, adnexed, or rounded-
free. Spores ferruginous. (Fig. 3 1 .)
All the species grow on the ground.
Togaria agrees in nearly all points of structure and habit with
Lepiota, Annularia and Psalliota.
In 564 the gills are normally rounded-free, and in several other
species the gills are frequently adnexed. In Lepiota one species—
47—has adnate gills and several others have approximate gills ; in
Psalliota several species have approximate gills. Species 557—566
a. Eudermince. Spores ferruginous. 557—564
b. Phæotoe. Spores fuscous-ferruginous. 565, 566
a. Euderminoe.
557. T. aurea W. G. Sm., Agaricus aureus Mattusch. (from its golden
colour ; aurum, gold) abc.
P. convex, velvety, squamulose; marg. partially appendiculate
with V. St. solid, striate and scurfy below A. A. superior,
large. G. adnato-decurrent to adnexo-free, ochreous then
sienna. Flesh whitish-sulphur above, golden-sienna below.
Subcæspitose. Plantations, cedar; rare. Aug.-Nov. 10 X i i | X l } in.
Var. VahliiT!. G. Sm. (Agaricus Vahlii Schum.). P. even, smooth. Var.
herefordensis W. G. Sm. (Agaricus aureus Mattusch. var. herefordensis
Renny.) AZ. granulate, tuberculate.
558. T. eaperata W. G. Sm., Agaricus caperatus Pers. (from the
wrinkled pileus ; capero, to wrinkle) abc .
P. convex, white-floccose on a deep yellow or buff-tan ground ;
marg. deeply wrinkled or lobed. St. solid, white, shaded dull
salmon ; wbite-squamulose above A. A. median, somewhat
large. ^ G. adnate or adnexed, dull ochreous or clay-cinnamon,
sometimes colour of iron-oxide.
Solitary. Woods. Aug.-Dec. 4f X 4f X f in. Sometimes there is an
obscure volva. Pale forms resemble 789.
559. T. terrigena W. G. Sm., Agaricus terrigenus Fr. (from its
habitat ; terra, the earth, gigno, to bear) a.
P. convex, silky-fibrillose, yellowish ; marg. partially appendiculate
with y . St. colour as P., clad with ferruginous-yellow warts.
A. apical. G. adnate with a decurrent tooth, yellowish then
brownish.
Woods, damp places, old earthy stumps. Aug.-Nov. 2§ X 2| X A in.
Perhaps 589 is a form of this. Small forms must not be confounded
with 1085.
560. T. erebia W. G. Sm., Agaricus erebius Fr. (Gr. erebos, dark) abc.
P. convex, at first viscid, dark ferruginous brown or umber,
becoming paler; marg. often streaky-wrinkled. St. hollow,
smooth, pale salmon-brownish, darker at base and white above.
white squamulose below. A. apical, membranous, white. ^ G.
adnate, sometimes with a decurrent tooth, somewhat pale livid-
brown. Flesh pale brownish.
Gregarious. Taste fungoid, insipid; odour slight or obsolete. Woods,
shrubberies, grassy places, under birches. Aug.-Oct. 2 X 2| X i in. Not
unlike some forms of 792. Must not be confounded with 69a.
561. T. ombrophila W. G. Sm., Agaricus ombrophilus Fr. (Gr. ombros,
rain, philos, loving) a b.
P. convex, gibbous, smooth, clay-colour, sometimes shaded ferruginous
; marg. with traces of the white V. St. hollow, paler
than P. or almost white. A. distant, white. ^ G. adnate with
a tooth or adfixed, pallid brownish, then ferruginous-brown.
Grassy places after heavy rain. Oct. 2j X 2j X A Var. brunneola
W. G. Sm. (Agariciis ombrophilus var. brtmneolus Fr.). P. brown.
l | X i j in.
562. T. molliseorium W. G. Sm., Agaricus molliscorium Cooke &
Mass. (from the skin of the pileus; molliscorium, with a soft,
leather-like skin) a b.
P. convex, smooth, polished, dry, subumbonate, tawny yellow;
mid. ochreous or sienna. St. hollow, equal, pale ochreous,
silky fibrillose, broken up into minute sq. above A. A. deciduous,
brownish. G. adnate or uncinate, crowded, ferruginous.
Taste and odour none. June. 2§ X 2f X i in.
563. T. togularis W. G. Sm., Agaricus togularis Bull, (from the
annulus, like a little cloak, togula) a b.
P. convex, pallid ochreous; mid. sienna or umber. St. hollow,
whitish, yellowish or brownish. G. adnate or adnexed, yellow
then pallid ferruginous. Flesh colour of exterior.
In troops. Grassy woodlands, gardens, wood-yards, amongst chips; rare.
May-Nov. X 3J X pg in.
564. T. hlattaria W. G. Sm., Agaricus blattarius Fr. (from the colour
of the pileus; blatta, a cockroach) a.
P. flat, subumbonate, ferruginous; mid. darker. St. fistulose,
whitish, brownish at base. A. white. G. rounded-free or
slightly adnexed, watery cinnamon.
Gardens and cultivated places. Autumn, i j x i j x j i n . Like an annulate
Galera.
b. PhaotcE.
565. T. dura W. G. Sm., Agaricus durus Bolt, (durus, hard) abc.
P. convexo-plane, kid-leather-like, becoming cracked, tawny, pale
ochreous or almost white; marg. partially appendiculate with
V. St. paler than P., sometimes with root-like fibres at base.
A. ample, fugitive. G. adnate with a decurrent tooth, livid
brown to deep ferruginous.
Possibly poisonous. Fields, gardens ; uncommon. May-Oct. 2f x 3j x f i n .
Sometimes gathered for 792.