7. V. sagittata (Ait.) : glabrous or a little pubescent; leaves oblong,
acute, cordate-sagittate and incised at the base; stigma depressed,margined;
inferior petal glabrous, the rest bearded.—Ait. Kew. 3. p. 287 ; Pursh, jl. 1.
p. 172 ; Nutt. gen. 1. p. 147; Schwein ! 1. c .; Torr. ! Jl. 1. p. 250 ; E ll.
sk. 1, p. 299; DC.prodr. 1. p. 294; Le Conte ! 1. c.
0. ovata: villous; leaves ovate, somewhat cordate, crenate, often lacer-
ately toothed at the base; petiole margined.—V. ovata, Nutt. ! gen. 1. p.
148; Schwein.! 1. c .; Torr.! 1. c.; DC. prodr. 1. p. 293 ; Hook. f . Bor.-
Am. 1. p. 76. V. primulifolia, Pursh, Jl. 1. p. 172 (not of Linn ). V. Al-
leghaniensis, Roem. fy Schult. syst. 5. p. 560; DC. 1. c.
y. emarginata (Nutt.): glabrous; leaves almost triangular, lacerately
toothed near the base; petals emarginate, or bidentate. Nutt. 1. c .; Schwein. !
1. c. V. emarginata, Le Conte! 1. c. V. dentata, Pursh, jl. 1. p. 172 ?
Hill-sides and fields, Canada! to Florida! west to Arkansas! 0. New
Jersey. April-May.—Rhizoma short and thick. Leaves usually a little
pubescent on the upper surface, crenately toothed, often somewhat hastate
at the base: petioles about as long as the lamina. Peduncles commonly longer
than the leaves. Flowers middle-sized, bright blue. Spur short and
very obtuse.
8. V. villosa (Walt.): pubescent; leaves plane (appressedtothe ground),
ovate or ovate-cordate, obtuse, crenately-toothed, sinus nearly closed; petals
mostly villous, the lateral ones bearded.— Walt. Car. p. 219; Ell. sk. 1. p.
297; Schwein. 1. c.; DC. prodr. 1. p. 295; Le Conte ! 1. c.
Sandy pine and oak woods, in the southern States ! March-April.—
Leaves very pubescent but not villous, rather thick, becoming nearly glabrous
late in the season, variegated with purple veins, often entirely purple underneath.
Flowers small, pale blue. Le Conte.—This species appears to be
confined to the Southern States. We have not had an opportunity of examining
the stigma.
9. V. rotundifolia (Michx.): leaves orbicular-ovate, cordate, somewhat
crenate, nearly glabrous, the sinus closed; petiole pubescent (flowers yellow);
stigma recurved at the apex, margined; lateral petals bearded ; sepals obtuse
; spur almost none.-frMichx.! Jl. 2. p. 150; Nutt. ! gen. 1. p. 149;
Schwein.! 1. c j Torr.! Jl. 1. p. 252; Bigel.! A. Bost. p. 97; DC. prodr.
l.p . 295 (excl. syn. Pursh)-, Le Conte! 1. c.; Hook.! jl. Bor.-Am,. 1. p. 77.
0. pallens (herb. Banks): smooth ; sepals acuminate. DC. 1. c.
Shady rocky woods and hill-sides, New England! Western part of the
Statesof New-York ! and Pennsylvania! to the high mountains of Carolina,
Michaux! A. Labrador, Banks. May.—Rhizoma rather thick, throwing out
long stolons from the neck late in the season. Leaves spreading and appressed
to the ground, at the flowering time about an inch m length, but later in
the season 3-4 inches long and nearly three inches in diameter; the veins of
the under surface slightly pubescent. Flowers small, pale yellow: petals
broadly ovate, sometimes emarginate, the lateral ones with 3 brown striae;
upper one small.—This may be the V. obliqua of Aiton, which is described
as having straw-colored flowers (“petala straminea”).
10. V. blanda (Willd.): leaves broadly cordate, slightly pubescent above,
the sinus rounded; petiole glabrous; stigma capitate, depressed, margined,
with a recurved beak; petals beardless (white) ; rhizoma creeping.— Willd.
hort. Berol. t. 24; Nutt. ! gen. 1. p. 149; Schwein. ! 1. c .; Torr.! jl. 1. p.
254; DC. prodr. 1. p. 295; Le Conte! 1. c. V. clandestina, Pursh! Jl. 1.
p. 173 (excl. syn. Michx.) V. obliqua, Pursh, l. c. V. amcena, Le Conte !
1. c.W
et meadows, Canada! to Pennsylvania! April-May—Leaves nearly
flat, membranaceous, often reniform-cordate, sometimes rather acute when
young, but at length rounded at the summit. Flowers small, odorous: petals
obtuse; the inferior and lateral ones strongly veined with purple.— V.
clandestina, Pursh, of which we have seen specimens in Lambert’s herbarium,
is only the apetalous state of this species, which like most other violets
with subterraneous stems, puts forth, late in the season, stolons, which
bear one or more apetalous flowers.
11. V. primulcefolia (Linn.): leaves oblong, somewhat cordate, the lamina
abruptly decurrent on the petiole, the under surface and the peduncles a little
pubescent; stigma capitate, margined (flowers white); lateral petals
bearded; rhizoma creeping.—Nutt.! gen. 1. p. 149 ; Schwein. 1. c.; Ell. sk.
1. p. 297 (excl. syn. Pursh) ; Torr. ! Jl. 1. p. 253; DC. prodr. 1. p. 293; Le
Conte ! 1. c.
0. acuta: leaves ovate, glabrous; petals acute, lateral ones nearly glabrous.
V. acuta, Bigel. ! fl. Bost. p. 95; Torr.! Jl. 1. c.
Wet meadows, Massachusetts! to Florida!—west to Kentucky, Short.
0. Moist grounds, near Boston, Bigelow ! April-June.—Plant usually 2-3
inches high. Leaves 1-2 inches long, shorter than the peduncles, mostly
somewhat cordate at the base, but sometimes merely truncate: petiole
shorter than the lamina. Flowers odorous : spur short, very obtuse.
12. V. lanceolata (Linn.) : glabrous ; leaves lanceolate; attenuate at the
base into a long petiole, rather obtuse, obscurely crenately serrate ; stigma
with a short recurved beak, somewhat quadrangular and margined; petals
(white) beardless.—Michx. ! jl. 2. p. 150; Nutt. ! gen. 1. p. 150 ; Schwein.!
1. c .; Torr.! fl. 1. p. 253; DC. prodr. l.p . 293; Le Conte ! 1. c.; Hook.!
jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 76. . . .
Wet meadows and swamps, Canada! to Florida! west to Texas!
Drummond! April-May.—Rhizoma creeping; often bearing very long
creeping stolons with an apetalous flower on a short peduncle at each joint.
It sometimes produces perfect flowers late in the season.
13. V. palustris (Linn.): leaves reniform-cordate; stipules broadly ovate,
acuminate; stigma margined; sepals ovate, obtuse; capsule oblong, triangular;
seeds ovate, dark green.—DC.prodr. l.p . 294.
0. Pennsylvania (DC.) : flowers purple; petals somewhat orbicular.—
D C .'.l.c .
Summits of the White Mountains of New Hampshire, Dr. Boott ! Mr.
Oakes ! Wet places among the Rocky Mountains, and in Oregon, Nuttall!
—Rhizoma articulated, creeping, somewhat scaly. Flowers resembling
those of V. cucullata, but considerably smaller and of a pale lilac color.
* * Caulescent: stigma convex, not margined:
14. V. Langsdorffii (Fischer) : leaves roundish-cordate, nearly glabrous;
stipules ovate, setaceously acuminate, the lowest ones with bristly teeth;
stem at length elongated, oblique at .the base; inferior petals somewhat
rhomboidal; spur broadly saccate, very obtuse. DC. prodr. 1. p. 296;
Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 77.
Island of Unalaschka, Chamisso.
15. V. striata (Ait.):.glabrous; stem angular, oblique, branching; leaves
roundish-cordate or somewhat ovate, upper ones a little acuminate; stipules
oblong-lanceolate, dentate-ciliate ; stigma tubular, recurved, pubescent at the
summit; spur somewhat produced;—Ait. Kew. (ed. 1.) 3 .p. 291; Pursh!
Jl. 1. p. 174; Nutt.! gen. 1. p. 150; Ell. sk. 1. p. 301 (excl. syn. Michx. <$■
Walt.) ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 297 ; Le Conte ! 1. c. V. ochroleuca, Schwein. !
1. c.; Torr.! jl. 1. p. 255; Hook. Jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 77. V. repens,
Schwein. 1. c. V. Lewisiana,* DC. 1. c. V. debilis, Michx.! Jl. 1. p. 150 ?
* Gringins and Candolle mistook the Christian name of Mr. Schweinitz for the
surname.