terete.—Aquatic perennial glabrous (poisonous) herbs, with terete fistulous
stems.' Leaves 3-pinnately or 3-ternately divided. Involucre few-leaved
or none. Involucels many-leaved. Flowers white.
1. C. virosa (Linn.): trunk of the root and lower part of the stem hollow
and divided by transverse partitions; leaves tripinnately divided;■ segments
lanceolate, serrate; umbels opposite the leaves and terminal. DC.—Linn,
spec. 1. p. 255 ; Engl, bot. t. 1191; DC. prod,!-. 4.- p- 99 ; Hook. fi. Bor.-
Am. l . p . 259. ; L ^
Woody country, British America, between lat. 54° and 64°, Dr. Richardson,
Drummond.—We have no North American specimens. Like the following
species, it is exceedingly poisonous.
2. C. maculata (Linn.) : root with thick oblong-fleshy fibres; stem
streaked with purple; leaves biternatèly divided; segments; lanceolate, mil-
cronately serrate; umbels terminal and axillary..—Linn. ! 1. c, ; Pursh, jl.
1, p. 195 { Ell. sk. l .p . 357; Bigel- i jl- Bost. ej,. 2- P- 115, Ijmed. bot. 1.
1.12 , Torr. ! jl. 1. p. 308. ,
Swamps, Canada ! to Georgia! and Louisiana ! West to Oregon. ' July-
Aug.—Stem 4-8 feet high, finely striate with, green and1 purple, and sometimes
spotted (in the shade often ' wholly . green). Lower leaves1 on- long
petioles';. the terminal division quinate or pinnate; segments more or less
broadly lanceolate, all o f , them petiolulate, the primary veins running to the
notches (instead of the points)'.of the serratures (as first noticed by Dr..
Darlington):. Rays of the umbel long and slender. Involucre usually
none, or of 1—2 small leaflets. Involucels of 5—6 short linear leaves. Fruit
about a line and a half in -diameter, aromatic and. somewhat resembling
anise. Ribs broad, filled with a white cellular substance; thé lateral ones
much broader than the others.— Tftater Hemlock.. Spotted Ccrwbane.. Braver
Poison. Musquash.—The root is highly poisonous to men and cattle : the
herb also is said to be poisonous. 1
3. C. hulhifera (Linn.) : root with thick oblong fleshy fibres ; axils of the
branches bulbiferous; leaves biternately divided; segments linear and linear-
lanceolate, remotely toothed ; umbels terminal and axillary.- Linn. I spec.
1, p. 255 ; Michx. ! jl. 1. p. 165 ; Nutt. .gen. 1, p. 192;,- DC. ! prodr.
4. p. 99. • . ' ' " . 1 - * '
Swamps, Canada! to Pennsylvania ! August.—Stem 2-4 feet high,
slender; the axils of the branches bearing small vèrticillate bulbs. Leaves
usually very finely divided (especially in the. infertile stems)1, with linear
segments scarcely a line wide. Umbel with rather short slender-rays. Fruit
(according to Nuttall) scarcely distinguishable from that of the preceding
species.—A somewhat rare plant, often sterile, and sometimes also without
bulbs. ’
12.. SIUM. Linn, (partly); Koch, Umb. p. 117 ;. DC. 'prodr. 4. p. 124.
Margin of the calyx 5-toothed or obsolete. Petals obovate, emarginate,
with an iriflexed point. Fruit ovate,, or subglobose' and compressed at the
sides, or contracted and somewhat didymous, crowned with the depressed
stylopodium and recurved styles. Carpels with 5 rather obtuse ribs. Intervals
usually with several vittse. Carpophore 2-parted. Seed somewhat
terete.—Perennial mostly aquatic, herbs. Leaves pinnately divided; the
segments usually ovate or lanceolate, toothed or serrate : submerged leaves
divided into numerous capillary segments. Umbel many-rayed. Umbellets
with numerous flowers. Involucre many-(or rarely 1-) leaved. Flowers
white.— Water Parsnep.
1. S. latifolium (Linn.): root creeping; stem sulcate-angular; segments
of the leaves lanceolate, acuminate, serrate, rarely pinnatifid; involucre
many-leaved; teeth of the calyx elongated. DC.— Linn. spec. 1 . p . 251 ;
Bigel. jl. Bost. ed. 2. p. I l l ; Torr. '! f t 1. p. 311.; DC. prodr. 4. p. 124 ;
Hook. jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 262. S. occidentale, Nutt. mss.
0. leaflets deeply incjsely serrate. Hook.! 1. c.—S. argutum, Nutt. mss.
Swamps, British America (Saskatchawan), to' New Jersey! and Pennsylvania
(Muhlenberg). Oregon, Nuttall. 0. Straits of-Da Fuea, Dr.
Scouler !—We have not recently had an opportunity of examining this plant
in a living state, and, unfortunately, our specimens are without fruit. Mr.
Nuttall distinguishes the American plant from the European species by its
minute calyx-teeth, much smaller fruit, and acuminate leaflets ; but in our
(flowering) specimens the calyx-teeth are not much smaller than in the
European plant, and the leaflets are not more acuminate.
2. S. lineare (Michx.): stem sulcate-angular; segments of the leaves (4-
5 pairs) linear-lanceolate and linear, acutely and finely serrate; leaflets of
the involucre 5-6, linear-lanceolate; calyx-teeth minute; fruit obovate.—
Michx. ! jl. 1.p. 167 ; Nutt. gen. l.p . 186 (excl, syn. Pursh) ; Torr. .’ f t 1.
p . 311; DC.! prodr.. 4- p. 125; Hook. "ft. Bor.-Am. 1. p . 262. S. tenuifo-
lium, Muhl. !' cat. S, latifolium, Darlingt: jl. Cest. p. 190 ?
0, intermedia: leaves rather broadly, lanceolate.
■■; Swamps, Canada ! to New Jersey ! and Pennsylvania! Indiana, Dr.
■ Short! Lake Huron,.Dr. Todd '. Oregon, Dr. Scouler ! Douglas. /?. Middle
Florida, Dr. Chapman !—Stem 2-5 feet high. Segments of the leaves usually
linear-lanceolate, but often linear and 1-3 lines wide. Rays of the
umbel- about 20. Leaflets of the involucre sometimes 2-cleft. Calyx-teeth
very mihute and partly concealed by the projecting margin of the stylopodium,
sometimes nearly obsolete. Petals broadly obcordate, with a rather
blunt indexed point. Fruit strongly ribbed. Intervals usually with single
villa.', but sometimes with 2, which are closely approximated or confluent.
Commissure with 2 vittse.—This species is by many botanists considered as
a variety of S. latifolium; but our European specimens of that plant differ
in the broader .segments-of the leaves, the elongated lanceolate calyx-teeth,
broader .(almost orbicular) fruit, and'in the greater number of vittse. The
S. lineare,. in its few vittse, deviates indeed from the generic character of Sium,
as given by Koch and De Candolle. It nearly approaches S. lancifolium,
Bieberst, but differs in the fruit.
3. S. pusillum (Nutt.! mss.): “ root creeping; segments of the lower leaves
oblong or ovate ; of the upper ones linear, short, incisely serrate, with few
serratures ; involucre few-leaved; rays of the umbel 5 -7 ; calyx-teeth
obsolete.
, “ Wappatoo Island, Oregon.—Plant 6-8 inches high. Segments of the
leaves about 4 pairs; the terminal1 one. sometimes 3-lobed.” Nuttall.—Our
specimen is without fruit.
t Doubtful Species.
■ 4. S. ? Douglasii (DC.): stem terete; lower segments of the leaves 3-cleft;
the others petiolulate, ovate-oblong, coarsely serrate; umbels opposite the
leaves and terminal, pedunculate, many-rayed; involucre none.—DC. prodr.
4• p. 125 ; Hook. jl. Bor.-Am. l .p . 263.
North West America, Douglas. Lower leaves a foot and a half long__