In fields and moist places, New York! and New England States! to Canada!
Newfoundland! Saskatchawan ! and alpine prairies of the Rocky Mountains,
Drummond! July-Aug.—Stem stout, 2-3 feet high, simple, dichotomous
at the summit. Pubescence of the leaves appressed. Flowers rather
large.—The name of Murray is oldest, but it was previously applied by
Jacquin to a different species.
§ 2. Flowers erect, very small: segments of the calyx reflexed: bracteoles
wanting: head of carpels exserted on a slender stipe: styles articulated
and geniculate towards the summit, glabrous, uncinate after the dissimilar
deflexed terminal portion falls away.—S ty lipu s , Raf.
4. G. vernum : somewhat pubescent; stems ascending, few-leaved,
slender; radical leaves either roundish-cordate and slightly 3-5-lobed, or
pinnate with the leaflets variously incised and lobed; the cauline mostly
3-5-foliolate or lobed, serrate-toothed, ciliate, the uppermost leaflets lanceolate,
incised; stipules ovate, incisely toothed; petals (yellow) about the
length of the calyx-segments ; carpels scabrous, in a globose head ; receptacle
glabrous.—Stylipus vernus, Raf. neogen. (1825) p. 3 ; Hook. ! ic. pi.
t. 286.
Border of woods and thickets, Ohio ! and Kentucky ! to Arkansas ! and
Texas! April-June.—Stems 6-20 inches high, weak, dichotomous and
few-flowered at the summit. Pedicels elongated in fruit. Calyx-segments
triangular-ovate. Stipe nearly the length of the head of carpels. Seed,
embryo, &c. as in Geum.—This interesting plant accords with the preceding
section in habit and character, except in the constant absence of the
bracteoles (which occasionally happens in that section), and in the stipitate
head of carpels, in which it agrees with G. rivale.
§ 3. Flowers large, nodding or erect: segments of the calyx erect or spreading:
head of carpels stipitate or sessile: styles articulated and' geniculate
near the middle ; the upper joint mostly plumose and nearly persistent.—
Caryophyllata, Tourn., Seringe (excl. spec.)
5. G. rivale (Linn.): stem erect, nearly simple, pubescent; radical
leaves lyrately and interruptedly pinnate ; the cauline (1-2) trifoliolate,, or
3-lobed; flowers few, nodding ; petals broadly obovate, emarginate, very
abruptly narrowed into a claw, about the length of the calyx; head of
carpels stipitate; achenia very hairy; lower joint of the persistent style
glabrous above ; the upper one joint plumose.—Linn. ! spec. 1. p. 501 ;
Michx.! fl. I. p. 301; Engl. bot. t. 106 ; DC. ! prodr. 2. p. 551: Hook. !
fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 175.
Bogs and wet meadows, New York! and Pennsylvania! to Newfoundland
! and prairies in the northern portion of the Rocky Mountains ! May-
June.—Stem 1-3 feet high, retrorsely pubescent. Flowers large. Calyx
purplish. Bracteoles minute. Petals light purplish-orange, at length longer
than the calyx. The creeping rhizoma is astringent, and is employed as a
popular remedy.— Water-Arens. Purple Avens.
6. G. geniculatum (Michx.): stem erect, branching above, many-flowered;
cauline leaves 3-parted; petals broadly cuneiform-obcordate, about the
length of the calyx; bracteoles reflexed in fruit; achenia hairy ; the lower
joint of the persistent style.hairy throughout, the upper one plumose.—
Michx. ! fl. 1. p . 300.
Canada, Michaux !—Stem hirsute below with reflexed hairs, pubescent or
villous above ; the lower portion and the radical leaves wanting in the specimen
of herb. Michx. Flowers smaller than in G. rivale: petals apparently
pale purple.,-
§ 4. Floivers rather large, erect: segments of the calyx erect or spreading:
head of carpels sessile: style not articulated, wholly persistent.—S ieversia,
(WiUd.) R. Br. g -
* Styles plumose and much exserted in fruit (leaves not lyrate).
7. G. anemonoides (Willd.): scape 1-flowered, nearly naked ;■ stolons
creeping ; radical leaves pinnate, glabrous; leaflets about 7-9, narrowly
cuneiform, toothed at the apex ; stipules filiform ; petals roundish, twice the
length of the calyx-segments; styles elongated in fruit, plumose.— Willd. !
spec. 2. p. 1117; FurshJ l. c .; DC.! prodr. 2. p. 553. Sieversia anemonoides,
W illd.! in Berl. mag. 3. p. 398; R. Br. ! 1. c. Dryas pentapetala,
L in n .! spec. 1. p. 501. Caryophyllata Kamstchatica, Lam. diet. 1.
p. 395.
“ Islands- towards the coast of America,” Pallas! in herb. Willd.
“ Unalaschka,” Pallas ! in herb. Lamb.—Petals white.—Pursh quotes
Egede, descr. of Greenland, t. 2, as a figure of this plant. Willdenow founded
the genus Sieversia on this species, but erroneously stated the styles to be
lateral, as Mr. Brown has remarked.
8. G. tfiflomm (Pursh): villous-hirsute; stem erect, nearly naked, about
3-flowered at the summit; radical leaves interruptedly pinnate ; leaflets numerous,
crowded, cuneiform-oblong, deeply incised and toothed; pedicels
elongated ; bracteoles linear, longer than the proper calyx-segments, as long
as the oblong petals; styles very long and filiform in fruit, plumose.—Pursh !
fl. 2. p. 736 ; Seringe, in DC. prodr. 2. p. 533. Sieversia triflora, R. Br. 1
in Parry's 1st voy. appx. p. 276; Richards. ! appx. Frank, journ. ed. 2. p.
2 1 ; Hook. ! bot. mag. t. 2858, Sffl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 176. S. rosea, Graham*
in Edinb. phil. jour. 1831.
On rocks &c. Labrador! Newfoundland! Saskatchawan! &c. Canada,
Pursh ! White Mountains of New Hampshire (ex Hook.) Watertown, New
York, Dr. Crawe! Banks of the Ohio, Mr. Goldie! Illinois! Missouri! anti
in the vallies of the Rocky Mountains! May-June.—Scape 6-10 inches
high, the upper part clothed, like the pedicels and calyx, with a soft villous
pubescence, with 2 opposite imperfect laciniate leaves near the middle, and a
similar involucral pair at the origin of the inflorescence and about the middle
of each elongated lateral peduncle. Outline of the radical leaves oblong; the
terminal leaflet not larger than the , others; the lower ones' gradually
decreasing in size, with minute interposed leaflets. Flowers large..
Calyx purplish. Petals white, tinged with purple. Styles at length 2
inches long.
9. G. glaciale (Adams) : clothed throughout with long silky fulvous hairs;:
scape 1-flowered; leaves pinnate; leaflets ovate-oblong, the upper and lower
ones very small, the others often 1-2‘toothed ; persistent styles very villous.
—“ Adams, act. Mosk. 5. p. 96” ; DC .! 1. c. Sieversia glacialis, R. Br.
1. c .; Cham. Schlecht.! in Linneea, 2. p. 5 ; Hook! fl. Bor.-Am. 1.
p. 176.
Shores of the Arctic Sea west of Mackenzie River (Sir J. Franklin!)
and Behring’s Straits !—Flowers very large, yellow.