548 ; Torr. ! jl. 1. p. 476 ; Wats, dendrol. t. 56; Seringe ! in DC.! prodr.
2. p. 626; Hook. ! jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 200 ; Darlingt. Jl. Cest. p. 290 ;
Loudon, arb. Brit. 3. p. 820. C. lucida, Wang. Amer. t. 17, ƒ. 42 ; Mill.!
did. Mespilus lucida, Ehrh. beitr. 4. p. 17. M. Crus-galli, Lam. diet. 4.
p. 441; Willd.! enum. 1. p. 523. M. cuneiformis, Marsh, arbust. p. 88 ?
ft. pyracanthifolia (Ait.!) : leaves cuneiform-oblanceolate.— C. Crus-
galli y. salicifolia, Ait. ! 1. c.
y. ovalifolia (Loudon): leaves broadly oval, slightly cuneiform at the
base, often with a more distinct petiole.—Loudon, arb. Brit. t. 31 ; Lindl.!
lot. reg. t. 1860. C. ovalifolia, Homem. hort. H a fn .; Seringe, l. c.
<5. linearis (Seringe) : leaves linear-oblong; spines rather short; corymbs
minutely pubescent; segments of the calyx mostly glandular.—C. linearis,
Pers. syn. 2. p. 37. Mespilus linearis, Desf. arb. 2. p. 156; Poir. ! 1. c. p.
70 (ex spec. hort. Par.); Spach! suite Buff. M. nana, “ Dum.-Cours.
suppl. p. 386” ?
e. prunifolia : leaves oblong or oval, with rather distinct petioles ; corymbs
minutely pubescent; segments of the calyx often glandular.—C. prunifolia,
Bose.! in DC. ! 1. c .; Lindl. ! bot. reg. t. 1868. Mespilus prunifolia,
Poir. ! 1. c .; Spach! 1. c. M. Boscii, Spach, l. c. ? M. cuneifolia, Ehrh.
I. c. ? (v. sp. in herb. Berol.)
Thickets &c. Canada! to Florida! west to Indiana! and Missouri!
May-June.—Stem 10-20 feet high. Spines often 2-3 inches long, sharp
and rather slender. Leaves usually obtuse, paler and dull beneath. Segments
of the calyx linear-lanceolate, rather shorter than the petals, occasionally
glandular-serrate, as are nearly all the species.—The varieties <5. & £.
which we only know from cultivated specimens, are somewhat peculiar; but
we have apparently intermediate indigenous forms.— Cock-spur Thorn.
3. C. rivularis (Nutt. ! m ss.): “ arborescent, nearly glabrous; leaves
ovate or obovate, obtuse or sometimes acute, simply or somewhat incisely
serrate, attenuate into a short petiole ; spines long ; corymb many-flowered,
glabrous ; flowers small; segments of the calyx obtuse and very short, not
glandular; fruit black.”
Oregon, along rivulets in the Rocky Mountains, Nuttall! Interior of Oregon,
Douglas!—We have good specimens of this apparently very distinct
species from Douglas’s collection. The leaves are, as Mr. Nuttall remarks,
“ about as entire as those of the Apple,” to which they bear some resemblance,
serrate with short and broad teeth, sometimes a little incised toward
the apex, mostly obtuse, shining and minutely pubescent on the upper surface.
The young branches are reddish-brown. We have only seen the
very young fruit.
4. C. sanguinea (Pallas): leaves broadly obovate, somewhat cuneate at
the base, incised and serrate, often slightly 5-7-lobed, a little pubescent when
young, on short petioles, at length coriaceous and shining; corymbs glabrous
or somewhat pubescent; segments of the calyx entire, and, as also the pedicels,
not glandular; styles 3-4; fruit globose.—Pall. jl. Ross. 1. p. 25, t.
II, ex Willd. Mespilus purpurea, Poir. ex Spach !
0. Douglasii: spines short and stout (sometimes long in cultivation, ex
Loud.)', fruit small, dark purple, juicy and sweet.—C. punctata/?, brevi-
spina, Dougl. in Hook. jl. 1. p. 201. C. glandulosa ft. brevispina, Nutt.!
mss. C. glandulosa, Pursh, l. c. as to the Rocky Mountain plant ? C.
Douglasii, Lindl. ! bot. reg. t. 1810 ; Loudon, arb. Brit. 3. p. 823.
Banks of streams (ft.) Oregon, Douglas ! Nuttall!—A small tree, with
reddish branehlets.—The Oregon plant agrees well with our specimen of
C. sanguinea, Pall, from Altaic Siberia, from which we have drawn the
character here given. Not having access to the work of Pallas, we know
not the color of the fruit. It seems sufficiently distinct from C. coccinea ; in
our specimens of the American plant, the calyx-segments are free from
glands, and this is also remarked by Nuttall. Dr. Lindley, however, describes
it otherwise ; and there is scarcely a species in which these glands do
not sometimes appear. We find 3-4 styles, while Mr. Nuttall states it to be
pentagynous. The spines, it seems, do not afford a constant character in
this, or indeed in any other species.
5. C. coccinea (Linn.): leaves roundish-ovate (membranaceous) acutely
incised or angulate- (5-9-) lobed, sharply serrate, truncate or often acute
(those of the sterile branches mostly cordate) at the base, on slender petioles,
at length nearly glabrous; spines stout; corymbs and calyx pubescent or
glabrous; styles 5 (often 3 or 4); fruit large (bright red) globose.—Linn. !
hort. Cliff. spec. 1. c .; A it.! 1. c. ; W illd.! 1. c. (excl. syn .); Michx. ! jl.
l .p . 288; Ell. sk. 1. p . 553; Torr.! jl. 1. p. 474; Seringe! in DC. 1. c .;
Hook. ! jl. Bor.-Am. l .p . 201; Loudon, arb. Brit. 1. c. ; LAndl. ! bot. reg.
t. 1957. C. glandulosa, W illd.! 1. c. (excl. sy n .); DC. 1. c .; Hook. ! 1. cT;
Loudon, l. c .; Lindl. ! 1. c. (0. macracantha) 1.1912, not of Ait. C. Crus-
galli, Bigel. ! jl. Bost, ed. 2. p. 194. C. flabellata, Bose.! (ex spec.
hort. Par,)
0. mridis: glabrous ; leaves smaller and less incised, acute at the base ;
fruit of 3 carpels and then oval or pyriform, or of 5 carpels and globose.—C,
viridis, Linn.! spec. I. c .; Ell. 1. a. ?
y. populijolia : glabrous ; leaves smaller, on very slender petioles, deltoid-
ovate, mostly cordate at the base ; corymbs small; fruit globose, of 5 carpels.—
C. populifolia, Ell. ! 1. c„ not of Walt.
<5. oligandra : nearly glabrous ; corymbs few-flowered ; stamens 5 ;
styles 2-4.
£. ? mollis : leaves large, incised and very acutely serrate, more scabrous
above, the lower surface, branehlets, peduncles, and calyx canescently to-
mentose when young; fruit large, globose, pubescent when young, of 5 carpels.—
C. subvillosa, Schrad. hort. Goett. (v. sp. hort. Par.)
Borders of thickets and streams, Canada ! to Florida! and Louisiana !
<J. New Albany, Indiana, Dr. Clapp ! (shrub 6-9 feet high.) c. Ohio, Mr.
Lea! Indiana, Dr. Clapp! Kentucky, Dr. Short! Texas, Drummond!
May.—Shrub or small tree 10-25 feet high; the thorns often short and a
little curved, sometimes very long and large. Leaves usually cut into 3-4
small acute or acuminate serrated angulate lobes on each side. Segments
of the calyx lanceolate, denticulate, and mostly, but not always, glandular;
as also are the bracts, and occasionally the petioles. Fruit from one-third to
half an inch in diameter, red or reddish-purple when fully ripe, eatable.__
We have distinguished only the more marked varieties, as they occur in a
wild state; but several others are known in nurseries, &c. In an extensive
suite of specimens, every intermediate form may be observed. Our var.
mollis (of which C. subvillosa o f the gardens seems to be a cultivated and
less tomentose state) is the most peculiar, and may perhaps rank as a species
; but it differs only in the much more copious pubescence. The leaves
of the growing shoots are as large as in C. tomentosa,. very broad, and
mostly cordate, and the pubescence is nearly permanent on the veins of the
lower surface.— White Thorn.
6. C. tomentosa (Linn.) : leaves ovate-elliptical or oval, abruptly narrowed
at the base into a short margined petiole, somewhat plicate or furrowed
above from the impressed veins, mostly acute, doubly serrate, mostly
incisely toothed towards the apex, somewhat glabrous above, the lower
surface especially the veins softly pubescent-tomentose when young; spines
rather large ; corymbs large; the peduncles and calyx villous-tomenlose ;