243 ; Bigel. fi. Bast. ed. 2. p. 128 ; Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 28, excl. syn.
B. vulgaris, var. Canadensis, Torr. ! Jl. l.p . 336, not of Willd.
In waste places and about cultivated grounds, Canada! and Northern
►states. doubtless introduced from Europe, but naturalized in many places.
Newfoundland, Morrison ex Hook. May-June.—Stem 3-8 feet high : pith
yellowish; the spines sometimes simple. Berries acid.—Barberry-bush.
2. B. Canadensis (Pursh) : branches verrucose-dotted, with short triple
spmes; leases spatulate-oblong, remotely serrate with somewhat bristly teeth;
racemes subcorymbose, few-flowered ; petals emarginate ; berries subglobose
or oval .—Pursh! Jl. 1. p. 219; Ell. sk. 1. p. 412 ; N u tt.! gen. 1. p. 211.
.vulgaris, Walt. Car. p. 120 ; Michx.Jl. l.p . 205. B. vulgaris, var. Canadensis,
Willd. sp. 2. p.228.
In the Alleghany Mountains, &c. Virginia ! N. Carolina ! Tennessee !
to Georgia Also Canada, Pursh, but this is very doubtful. May-June.—
imib 2-3 feet high (stem and roots yellow, Nutt.) Leaves much smaller
and narrower than m the preceding species, attenuate at the base, but nearly
sessile; the margin serrulate with 6—8 distant, often inconspicuous, mucro-
nate teeth. Raceme 5—8-flowered, nodding: flowers smaller than in B. vul-
gans; fruit smaller and much shorter.—This indigenous species, very dis-
trnct from B. vulgaris, with which it has been in some degree confounded, is
probably a native of the Southern States only; the Barberry of the New England
States and, doubtless, of Canada, being the European species, and cer-
tamiy not indigenous. Our species was first noticed, apparently, by Marshall,
who states that he has a different species of Barberry growing near New
River, Virginia. Original specimens, collected and named by Pursh, exist
m the herbarium of the late Prof. Barton, now deposited in the rooms of the
American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia.—B. emarginata, Willd.. a
bibenan plant, appears to be very near this species.
§ 2. Leaves ( evergreen) pinnate: petioles articulated at the origin o f the
leaflets: filaments usually 2-toothed at the summit.—Mahonia, Nutt.
3. B. Aquifolium (Pursh): leaflets 3-6 pairs (thelower pair notapproxima-
ted to the base of the petiole), coriaceous, ovate-lanceolate or elliptical-oblong
inequilateral or slightly cordate at the base, 1-nerved, the margin repand’
with thorny or spinulose-cuspidate teeth; racemes short, nearly erect, clustered;
filaments 2-toothed.—Pursh, Jl. 1. p. 219. t. 4, (excl./. 5. the fruit.)
a. leaflets about 3 pairs, approximate, oblong-ovate, obtuse, pale green and
slightly glaucous both sides, flat or with slightly undulate margins, with 5-9
short cuspidate teeth on each side.—B. Aquifolium, Pursh, l. c. (excl. ƒ 1
the separate leaflet); Hook.fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 29, in part. B. pinnata, MuhU
cat. ed. 2. p. 36. B. repens, Lindl. hot. reg. t. 1176. Mahonia Aquifolium
N u tt.! gen. 1. p. 212; DC. syst. 1. p. 20. excl. /?.
0. leaflets 4-6 pairs, often rather distant, ovate-lanceolate, acutish, “ pale
but bright green above” (Hook.), glaucous beneath, flat or a little undulate
along the margins, slightly repand with numerous cuspidate teeth.—B. pinnata
/?., Hook. l.c.
y. leaflets 4-5 pairs, mostly approximate, ovate-lanceolate, acutish, dark
green and shining above, when mature rigidly undulate and repandly 6- 12-
toothed on each margin; teeth thorny and rather divaricate—B. Aquifolium
Pursh, l. c. f . 1. (a separate leaflet) ex Lindl. ; Hook. 1. c. in part; Lindl.
hot. reg. t. 1425. B. pinnata, Menzies, in herb. Banks. B. pinnata a.
Hook, l.c.1 excl. syn. Deless. %c. Mahonia Aquifolium 0. Nutkana, DC.
In woods and along rivers throughout Oregon, a. From the Great Rapids
of the Oregon River (Lewis) to the Eastern declivity of the Rocky Mountains,
lat. 40°, Dr. James! and the sources of the Colorado of the West
in ch ed lo £ ofcme ly r eticia ted on both sides the veins all mmmWMs, plants extensively in their native situations), ^ ° s J > Nuttall
iand csultiva tesd ini gardens, under the name of B. Aquifolium, s d
in accordance with the rule in such cases, to retain the original name. Pursh
S S H H I the berry as 3-celled, with a 3-lobed stigma'but his
figure of the fruit is manifestly taken from some very different plan .
Near the coast from lat 40 - ^ ’^ h b g ; Ae'branches often procumbent
4. R ninnata (Lagasca) : leaflets 4-5 pairs, the lowest pair approximates to
the base of the petiole, ovate-lanceolate, repandly dentate with ee on
side; racemeSPerect [nodding in fig. Deless.], very ^ cmwd,iff DC.
(under Mahonia.)-B. pinnata, “Lagasca elench. hort.Madr. ex auc .
Mahonia fascicularis, DC. syst. l. p. 19; Deless. Nootka
“ Western coast of North America near Monterey [California] and iNootxa
Net ex Lagasca; and in New Spam, Dumb. # Bonpl. DC. . ft
plant from Nootka is doubtless B. Aquifohum as Inndley sugge ^ A ll^ ^
specimens from Oregon have the lower pair of leaflets at some dlstal]
the base of the petiole ; in which, as in the less crowded r a tm , ^des^
wholly disagree with the character of De Candolle and the % ^
sert • and as Hooker changes the specific phrase of his B. pinnata in tnes
JarticuTars we have the more confidently referred the Oregon plant to B.
Aquifolium.
k n nervosa f Pursh): suffruticose ; leaves elongated ; leaflets 5-8 pairs
(the lowest not approximated to the base of the petiole) ovate °b
acute repandly dentate with thorny teeth, 3-5 nerved from the base, th
nerves reticukted ; racemes simple, elongated ; pedicels veuy short^ filam £
2-toothed.— Pursh, Jl. 1. p. 219. t. 5. (excl. the flowers,
Aquifolium) ; Hook. I c. B. glumacea, Lindl. hot. reg. t. 1425. Mahom
nervosa, Nutt. gen. l. p. 212 ; DC. 1. c M. g to a c e a g
Oregon, in shady pine woods along the coast, from lat. 4 . ■? , ’
Dr Scmler! N u tta ll! -Low; the stem often scarcely r.smg frorn the
o-round Leaves 1-2 feet long, coriaceous. Racemes spicate, often 6 a
inches iong : flowers larger than in B. Aquifolium. Peduncles and petioles
surrounded at the base with numerous dry convolute and pungent glumaceous
bracts Berries deep blue.—Pursh, who has made sad work m his figures
of Berberis, added the flowers of B. Aquifolium to the leaves of the present
species, and thus led De Candolle into mistake.
T ribe II. NANDINEiE.
Embryo minute at the base o f the albumen, often excentnc o rob -
lique with respect to the hilum : radicle short and thick : cotyledons
very small, roundish— Perennial herbs. Leaves decompound or lobed.
* The separate leaflets attached to Pursh’s specimen in herb. Lambert, one of
which is figured in his plate, are said in Brit.fi. gard under Mahonia diversifolia,
t. 94. to belong to that species. There is little doubt, howevei, that they were taken
from the specimen of Menzies in herb. Banks.