19. ZANTHORHIZA. Marsh, curb.; Lam. ill. t. 854; DC. syst. 1. p. 386.
Sepals 5. Petals 5, of 2 roundish lobes raised on a pedicel. Stamens 5-
10. Ovaries 5-10, pointed with the styles, 2-3-ovuled. Follicles .small
mostly 1-seeded. Seed suspended,—Suflmtescent: the root and bark yellow
an lttei‘ eaves pinnatdy divided. Racemes appearing with the leaves
axillary, compound. Flowers minute, dark purple, often by abortion polygamous.
r J6
v e f Z F m e d nov-P - ^ - 0 » 5 Michx. ! jl. 1. • Bart.
Marsh, i. c ’ ’ DC. prodr. 1. p. 65. Xanthorhiza simplicissima,
Shady banks of rivers, Pennsylvania! to Georgia! and Texas! March-
Aprd. Root large. Leaves pinnate or bipinnate; leaflets incised.— YelTow-
T ribe V. HYDRASTIDE2E.
20. H Y DRAST IS. L in n .; JusS. gen. p. 232; Michx. ft. 1. p. 3 1 7 ;
DC. syst. 1. p. 217.
Sepals 3, ovate, petaloid, caducous. Petals none. Stamens numerous :
anthers innate. Ovaries numerous, 2-ovuled: styles short: stigmas' dilated
mduplicate. Fruit composed of the baccate 1-2-seeded carpels, crowded in’
a globose head. A perennial herb; the rhizoma and roots yellow and bitter.
Stem simple, 2-leaved, 1-flowered; the foliage and fruit resembling a Rubus.
H. Canadensis (L in n .)-Michx. ! fl. 1. c .; Pursh, fl. 2. p. 389; E ll sk
2. p.55-, DC. p r °d r .l. p.52. Wameria Canadensis, MiU. diet.
hW o r ’ partijY ary °V t|le sAldes of fountains, Canada! to Caro-
° hl? aD,d I^e° t,u?ky ! April-May.—Leaves pubescent when
J- cordate, palmately 3-5-lobed, the lobes doubly serrate; lower leaf pe-
UPl peL f l eSS f ‘ Peduncle an inch long; Calyx pale rose-cofor.
Seeds oboyat« : testa crustaceous, nearly black, shining lined
with the thm and membranous tegmen. Embryo minute, at the base of the
somewhat fleshy and oily albumen. 1116
Suborder P^EONIE^E. Am.
Sepals 5, unequal, foliaceous, persistent. Petals 5 (6 -1 0 by culture!
destitute o f claws. Stamens very numerous : anthers adnate, introrse.
Ovaries 2 -5 , the base surrounded by a fleshy annular disk : stigmas
sessile, thick, o f two lamellae, persistent. Carpels follicular, opening
above. Seeds several : albumen fleshy.—Herbaceous (rarely shrubby,)
plants. Roots fasciculate, thick. Leaves 2-ternately divided. Flowers
terminal, solitary, large, purple, rose-color, or white.
20. PzEONIA. Linn.; Juss.'gen. p. 234; DC. syst. 1. p. 386.
Character same as of the Suborder.
1 P. Brownii (Dougl.): carpels 5, oblong, very glabrous, erect ; leaves
smooth on both sides, somewhat glaucous, bitemate; leaflets temately divided
or pinnatifid, laciniate; latinise oblong, those of the lower leaves obtuse.
Hook. fl. Bor.-Am..L p. 27. , , , . c nr „
. “Near the confines of perpetual snow on the subalpine range ot Mount
Hood N. "W. America.” Douglas in Hook. “ East of the Blue Mountains
of Oregon, notin subalpine situations,” Nuttall! June-July.—-Stem striate.
Sepals very unequal, oval. Carpels very smooth, oblong, scarcely recurved at
the apex. Hook. “ Petals reddish-purple, never fully expanding.” Nutt.
2. P . Californica (Nutt.! mss.) : “ carpels 3, glabrous; leaves smooth on
both sides (not glaucous), temate; leaflets broadly cuneate, nearly twice 3-
eleft; latinise oblong-lanceolate, acute. , . .
^ Margins of bushy plains, and in the valleys of the mountainsj in the vici-
nity St. Barbara, Upper California. March-April.—Differs from the preceding
in the smaller, less divided and broader leaves, which are deep green on
both sides; and the leaflets bifid or trifid, never pinnatifid. Sepals never expanding,
one,, and sometimes two, of the outer ones ending in a small trifid
leaf. Petals small, scarcely exceeding the length of the calyx, deep blood-red.
Seeds large, light brown, cylindrical-ovoid.” Nutt.
O r d e r II. MAGNOLIACEiE. Juss.
Magnoliace® & Winterace®, R. B r.; Lindt.
Parts o f the flowers arranged in a ternary order. Sepals 3—6, deciduous.
Petals 3—30, hypogynous, in several rows : aestivation imbricated.
Stamens indefinite, distinct, hypogynous : filaments very
short: anthers adnate, introrse. Ovaries several in a single row, or
numerous- and spicate in several rows, on a torus raised above the stamens
: styles short or none : stigmas simple. Fruit consisting o f
numerous 1—2 -seedod carpels, follicular or baccate, or woody, or fleshy,
aggregated or connate in a strobiliform manner upon the elongated
torus; sometimes samaroid. , Seeds anatropous, suspended or ascending.
Embryo minute, at the base o f fleshy homogeneous albu.
men.—Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, entire, (pubescent when
young) mostly minutely punctate with transparent dots, coriaceous,
with convolute caducous stipules. Flowers rarely diclinous, solitary,
usually large, fragrant.
The presence of pellucid dots in the leaves of "Winterace®, and their absence in
Magnoliace®, is considered a chief mark of distinction by those authors who view
the two orders as distinct. These dots, however, exist in all our Magnolias, as well
as in the exotic forms we have examined, and may be observed with a lens of very
moderate power (if the leaves be too coriaceous at least in the petals) quiteas readily
as in Illicium. Several species are also slightly aromatic and stimulant as well
as bitter. The leaves, or at least the petals, of all our species of Anonace®, and of
6 ,