DC.! prodr. 4. p. 472; Darlingt.fi. Cest. p. 107. C. alba? Walt. 1. c.
C. csenilea, Lain. 1. e.? C. rubiginosa, Ehrh. beitr.? C. lanuginosa,
Michx! fi. 1. p. 92. C. cyanocarpus, Mcsnch, not of Gmel. - C. obliqua,
R a f.! ann, nat. p. 13.
0. ? occidentalis: leaves larger, more tomentosè beneath.—C, circinata,
Cham. 8f Schlecht. in Linncea, 3. p. 139. C. alba 0. Hook.! 1. c. C.
pubescens, Nutt. mss.
Banks of streams and in wet meadows, Canada! to Georgia! and Louisia-
na. May-June.- 0. N, W . Coast, Douglas, Mr. Tolinie! Dr. Scouler! and
St. Francisco, California, Chamisso.—Stem 6-10 feet high;. the bark greenish-
purple or usually brownish-purple. Leaves pale green, commonly narrowly
ovate and Conspicuously acuminate; sometimes almost lanceolate; sometimes
large, - broadly ovate, and at length nearly glabrous (except the
veins) beneath: pubescence of the lower • surface soft, either whitish or
rusty-colored, especially the veins. Petals yellowish-white. Stigma thick,
capitate.—A well-marked species, although exhibiting many diversities in
foliage.
§■ 2. Flowers capitate, surrounded by a petaloid involucre: trees.
8. C.florida (Linn.): leaves of the involucre 4, obcordate, or with a callous
notch at -the apex; drupes oval; leaves ovate, acuminate.—Linn.! hort.
Cliff-, p. 38, Sf spec. l .p . 117; Willd.! spec. 1, p. 661; L'Her. l. c. p. 4 ;
Michx.! fi. 1. p. 91; Bot. mag. t, 526 ; Michx. f . sylv. t. 48; Bigel. med.
lot. 2. t. 73 ; Bart. veg. mat. med. 1, ƒ.’> 31 1'JI. sk. 1. p, .207; Darlingt.fi.
Cest. p. 107; Chump. Otto, Sf Hayne, holzrt. 19. \ ..
Woods and low grounds, Canada! to Florida and Lbuisiana! May-
June: in the Southern States, March-April,—Tree 1 5 -3 0 -feet high, with
expanding branches;' the hark 'grey: wood hard and close-grained. , Leaves
ovate or elliptic, acute at the base, whitish beneath; when young;pubescent,
especially on the veins. Involucre about 3 inches in diameter; white, often
with a tinge of red. Petals greenish-yellow. Drupes bright red..— Common
Dogwood. Flowering Dogwood.
9. C. Nuttallii (Audubon)-; leaves of the involucre 4-6, obovatq, acute or
acuminate, narrowed at thé base; drupes Oval; leaves oval, scarcely .acuminate.—
Audubon! birds of Amer. t. 367. O. florida-, Hook. fi, Bor.-Am.
1. p. 277, partly.
Oregon, Dr. Scouler ! Mr. Tolmie! Nuttall/—Mr. Nuttall considers this a
very distinct species, and we incline to this opinion, although'the involucre is
'not constantly 6-leaved. The heads and involucres are usually considerably
larger than in C, florida.
§ 3. Flowers in contracted umbel-like cymes, surrounded by a petaloid
ihvolitcre: stems herbaceous. •
10. C. Canadensis (Linn.): flowering stems simple, ascending, the subterranean
trunk creeping, a little woody; upper leaves verticillate, on very
short petioles; . involucre 4-leq.ved, much, longer than the flowers; petals
greenish-white; drupes bright red, subglohose.—Linn, amcen. acad. l .p ,
157, tf spec. I- c .; L'Her. 1. c. p, 2, t. .1; Bot, mag. t. 880 ; Michx.! fi. 1.
p. 91; Bigel.! ft. Bost. ed. 2. p. 57; Torn.! L o. ; D C .! . prodr. 1. c. ;
Cham.'Schlecht. in Linncea, 3 .p. 138 ; Hook. ! ft. Bor.-Am. l .p . 277.
Damp, woods and shady swamps, Pennsylvania and New England States
to Labrador ! and Newfoundland ! and nearly to the Arctic Coast, (as far as
the Pine woods extend, Richardson) : west to Oregon! UnalasChka and
sBitcha! May-June.—Flowering stems about 6 inches high, with one or
two pairs of opposite leaves, or sometimes bracts, and a whorl of about 6
oval or .ovate acuminate leaves at the summit.. These leaves are not strictly
verticillate,' hut the apparent whorl arises from the development of a very
short branch (producing usually a pair of leaves only) in the axils of the
upper pair of oaUline leaves. Leaves of the involucre broadly ovate, greenish
white and petaloid, surrounding the inconspicuous umbel-like cyme of
flowers. Ovary turbinate, canescently hairy. Drupe baccate, rather large,
sweetish : a botanical friend informs us that in the northern portions of the
New-E-ngland States,-the fruit is employed as an ingredient in plum-pudding,
and is called Pudding-berry.-—The more arctic forms of this species,
particularly-those from the North West Coast,’ as Chamisso remarks,
often approach C.-.Suecica in appearance.—We possess an interesting
specimen of C. Canadensis, from St. Lawrence, County, New York, in
which the cyme is more developed than usual, divided into four primary
branches, each arising in the axil of an involucral leaf and adnate to its
short petiole: the secondary branches of the cyme are in like manner fur-
pished with similar, though smaller, involucral leaves.
11. C. Suecica (Linn.) :, flowering stems.sometimes branched ; leaves all
opposite, sessile, the nerves all arising from the base; petals dark.purple;
drupes red, globose.—Linn. ! fi. Lapp, n. 65; t. 5, f . 3, Sf spec. 1. p: i l 8 ;■
FI. Dan. t. 5 ; Engl. bot. t. 310 ; Wahl. fi. Lapp. p. 50; L'Her. 1. c. p. 2,
t. 1; DC. ! prodr. 4. p. 274 ,* Cham. If Schlecht. ! in Linncea, 3. p. 138 ;
Hook.! fi. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 277.
In shady damp woods, Greenland! Labrador? and Newfoundland! to
Kotzebue’s Sound ! Siteha! &c. : south to Brandy-Pots Island in the St.
Lawrence (Hooker), and on the Pacific Coast to Fort Vancouver.
Or d e r LXXL. LORANTHACE.®. J uss.
Perianth in the unisexual flowers sometimes none, or often sim.
pie (calyx), adnate to the ovary in the fertile flowers, 3 -5 -cleft in
the,sterile flowers ; in the perfect flowers double, viz ; Calyx adnate
to the o v a ry ; the limb entire or denticulate, or often obsolete.
Corolla o f 3 -4 or 8 petals, either distinct, or more or less coherent in
a tube, inserted into the epigynous disk : aestivation valvate. S ta mens
equal in number with the petals and opposite them, or as
many as the segments o f the ca ly x and inserted upon them when
the perianth is simple, Ovary l.c e lled , with a single suspended
ovule: style simple, or none.. Fruit baccate, 1-celled, 1-seeded.
Seed anatropous; the membranous testa-often adhering to the walls
o f the fruit. Embryo in a superficial cavity o f the fleshv albumen :
•radicle clavate, often exserted: cotyledons obtuse, sometimes con.
nate.—-Parasitical half-shrubby evergreen plants, with dichotomous
stems. Leaves mostly opposite, fleshy or coriaceous, almost veinless
; sometimes reduced to scales or entirely wanting. Stipules
none. Flowers unisexual and small (whitish or greenish-yellow), op
perfect and very showy.’