0. stem shorter ; petals obovate-oblong; sepals rather narrower.—R. acau-
lis, Michx.! Jl. 1 ■ p. 298; Hook.! 1. c. R. pistillatus, Smith! exot. hot. 2.
p. 53, t. 86 ; Pursh ! 1. c.
y. stem flagelliform, erect at the apex (sometimes 2-fiowered).—R. propin-
quus, Richards, appx. Frankl. journ. ed. 2. p. 19.
Throughout Arctic America from Greenland ! &c. to Kotzebue’s Sound !
Also Labrador! Newfoundland! Saskatchawan in lat. 53°, and Rocky
Mountains!—“ Berries amber, very delicious,” Pursh. (The fruit seldom
ripens in Lapland.)—The remarks of Chamisso and of E. Meyer are confirmed
by the specimens before us. The pistils, according! to the latter, are
approximate in the sterile plant, and the filaments somewhat dilated.
10. R. pedatus (Smith) : stem creeping and flagelliform, branching from
the base, herbaceous, filiform; leaves 3-foliolate, or pe.dately 5-foliolate by
the division of the two lateral leaflets, membranaceous, nearly glabrous ;
leaflets obovate, incised and serrate ; stipules roundish, scarious, persistent;
peduncles filiform, mostly bibracteate, 1-flowered; sepals ovate-lanceolate,
entire or serrate-incised, at length reflexed, nearly the length of the obovate-
oblong often crenulate sessile (white) petals; carpels 3-6, large and pulpy
(red) in fruit.—Smith! ic.ined. t. 63 ; Pursh ! 1. c .; Hook.! Ji. Bor.-Am.. 1.
p. 181, t. 62. Daliharda pedata, “ Steph. mem. soc. Mosc.” Comaropsis
pedata, I)C. prodr. 2. p. 555 ; Bongard ! veg. Sitcha, l. c. p. 134.
On prostrate trunks of rotten trees, in shady woods, &c. N. W.' Coast,
Menzies ! Eschscholtz ! Mr. Tolmie ! Sitcha, Bongard! Oregon, Douglas !
Dr. Scouler ! and in the Rocky Mountains between lat. 52° and 56°, Drummond
!—Differs from the present genus only in the few carpels, and in wanting
the protuberant receptacle ; and from Daliharda only in the pulpy fruit
and divided leaves : hut several species of Rubus of very different habit
among themselves also have the carpels reduced to about 6 or 8. It differs
essentially from Comaropsis. There are 2 suspended ovules in each ovary,
one of which is abortive, as in the rest of the genus.
11. R. saxatilis- (Linn.): herbaceous; flowering stems simple, erect;
stolons prostrate and sterile; leaves 3-foliolate, on long petioles, somewhat
pubescent; leaflets rhomboid-ovate, mostly obtuse at both ends; peduncle
3-8-flowered ; pedicels short, and, with the caljrx, pubescent, but not glandular
; sepals at length reflexed, as long as the petals ; fruit red, composed
of few very large grains.— Linn.! spec. 1 . p. 494; Engl.bot. t. 232; DC.
prodr. 2. p. 564.
Greenland, Hornemann !—This species seems not to have been found in
any part of the American continent proper. 12 *
12. R. triflorus (Richards.) : unarmed; stem suffrutescent at the base,
ascending, the branches herbaceous, often flagelliform; leaves 3- (sometimes
pedately 5 -) foliolate, on slender petioles; leaflets membranaceous; almost
glabrous, or pubescent beneath, rhombic-ovate or somewhat ovate-lanceolate,
acute at both ends,’ often acuminate, coarsely doubly serrate, often somewhat
incised ; the terminal one petiolulate; stipules ovate, entire ; peduncle terminal,
1-3-flowered ; the pedicels elongated, and, as well as the calyx, minutely
glandular; sepals (5-7) lanceolate, acute or acuminate, at length reflexed,
rather shorter than the spatulate-oblong erect (white) petals; fruit small,
red.—Richards. ! appx. Frankl. journ. ed. 2. p. 19 ; Hook.! jl. Bor.-Am.
1. p. 181, t. 62. R. saxatilis 0. Canadensis, Michx.! Jl. 1. p. .298 ;
Richards. 1. c. ed. 1. R. saxatilis, Bigel. 1. c. R. saxatilis B. Americanus,
Seringe ! in DC. 1. c. R. flagellaris, E. Meyer, pi. Labrad. 1 R. segopo-
dioides, Seringe ! in DC. 1. c. R. mucronatus, Seringe; in DC. 1. c. (ex
descr.) R. Canadensis.? Torr. ! Jl. 1. p. 488, not of Linn. Cylactis mon-
tana, R a f in Sill, jour., 1. p. 377.
Moist woods and shady hill-sides, Canada, from Hudson’s B a y ! and the
Saskatchawan! to the New England States! the Northern part of New
York ! and Pennsylvania. June.—Stems, branches, &c. minutely pubescent
; the summit of the sterile branches becoming stoloniferous and often
rooting at the extremity. Leaflets sometimes deeply incised. Fruit composed
of few grains, reddish purple when fully ripe, sour, but when they
ripen in less shady situations rather pleasant, having nearly the flavor of R.
occidentalis.—Dr. Richardson has well distinguished this species from R.
saxalilis, the only one with which it can be confounded, and Hooker has
given a good figure, hut with the leaflets less acuminate and less acute at
the base, than is usual as it occurs in the United States.
t + Stems biennial, somewhat shrubby.
13. R. strigosus (Michx.) ; stem erect, suffruticose, armed, as well as the
petioles, peduncles, and calyx, with straight, spreading rigid bristles (some of
which become weak hooked prickles) which are glandular when young,
slightly glaucous ; leaves pinnately 3-5-foliolate ; leaflets oblong-ovate,
acuminate, incisely serrate, canescently tomentose beneath; thé terminal one
often cordate at the base, the lateral sessile; stipules setaceous, deciduous;
peduncles 4-6-flowered; petals (white) erect, about the length of the spreading
sepals ; fruit light red, very juicy.—Michx.! Jl. 1. p. 297 ; Pursh! Jl.
1 .p. 346 ; Torr.! J l.-l.p . 488; Richards. ! appx. Frankl. journ. ed. 2. p.
19 ; Hook. ! Jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 177. R. Pennsylvanicus, Poir. diet. 6. p.
246. R. Idseus, Nutt. gen. 1. p. 308. R. Idseus P. Canadensis, Richards.
1. c. ed. 1.
Hill-sides and rocky places, Canada! and from Newfoundland! and
Saskatchawan ! to Pennsylvania! Oregon, Menzies, Douglas. May.—
Stems light brown, shining. Flowers rather larger than those of R. Idseus;
the fruit resembling that species, and scarcely inferior in flavor; the
carpels pruinose. The berries ripen from June to August. The leaflets are
often narrow, but sometimes broadly ovate, and are occasionally confluent.
The peduncles are axillary as well as terminal, and often aggregated
at the summit of the branches so as to form a leafy panicle.—The true R.
Idseus of Europe we believe is not indigenous even in the northern portion
of this continent; but this species resembles it very much, and has sometimes
been mistaken for it.—Red Raspberry.
14. R. occidentalis (Linn.): glaucous, armed with hooked prickles (not
hispid) ; stems shrubby, recurved ; leaves pinnately 3- (rarely 5-) foliolate ;
leaflets ovate, acuminate, coarsely doubly serrate, somewhat incised, canescently
tomentose beneath ; the lateral leaflets somewhat petiolulate; stipules
setaceous; terminal peduncles several-flowered, the pedicels short; petals
(white) shorter than the reflexed sepals ; fruit dark purple.—Linn. ! spec. 1.
p. 493 ; Michx.! Jl. 1. p. 297; Pursh, l. c. ; Torr. ! J l . l .p . 489; Richards.
1. c. ; Hook. ! 1. c. (excl. P.) ; Darlingt. jl. Cest. p. 306. R. Idseus P.
Americanus, Torr. ! in ann. lyc. New York, 2. p. 196. R. Idaeus, fructu
nigro, &c. Dill. Elth. t. 247.
Borders of woods &c., Canada! and Northern States ! to the -mountains
of Georgia, and west to Council Bluffs, Missouri, Dr. James ! and sources
of the Oregon, Douglas. Abounding where woods have been recently cut
down. May.—Stems 5-8 feet long, reddish-brown, sparingly branched.
Leaflets seldom^ cordate. Axillary peduncles 1-3-flowered, the upper ones
clustered. Fruit roundish, nearly black when ripe, glaucous,- composed of
numerous small grains, well-flavored, ripening'in June and July.__Black
Raspberry. Thimble-Berry.—Resembles the preceding in its foliage, but
the mode of growth is very different, as also is the fruit. Yet Mr. Oakes