462 ROSACEYE. R osa.
(eel. 2.) 3. p . 261; Bot. mag. t. 2487; Lindl.! Ros. p. 127, t. 6, Sp hot. reg.
t. 1922; not of Linn. R. nivea, DC.! hort. Monsp., Sp prodr. 2. p. 598.
R. hystrix, Lindl. Ros. t. 17; DC. 1. c. R. Cherokeensis, Donn, cat. R.
ternata, Pair, ex DC. R. trifoliata, Bose.
S. Carolina! to Louisiana! cultivated in gardens and extensively
naturalized. April.—Stem with long flexible branches, capable of being
trained to a great length. Flowers very large, white.—This evergreen
species has been cultivated for many years in the Southern States, under
the name of Cherokee Rose. It is doubtless.of Chinese origin; hut as it is
not the R. Sinica of Linnaeus, we continue to use the name of Michaux,
which is several years older than the second edition of the Hortus Kewensis.
According to Elliott it is well adapted for hedges. It is certainly too tender
to endure the winter of the Northern States; hence the plant from Lake
Huron referred to this species by Mr. Borrer, in Hooker’s Flora, must be
very different.
14. R. hracteata (Wendl.) : branches erect, tomentose, armed with strong
recurved often geminate prickles ; leaflets 5-9, obovate, slightly serrate,’ coriaceous,
shining, glabrous; stipules nearly free, setaceous, fimbriate ; flowers
solitary, terminal, on short peduncles ; bracts large, surrounding the base of
the calyx; peduncles and calyx densely tomentose; fruit globose, large,
orange-red. Seringe.—“ Wendl. ols. hort. Herrenhaus. p. 7, t. 22 Redout.
Ros. 1. t. 35 ; Seringe, in DC. prodr. 2. p. 602.
Naturalized in hedges near New Orleans, Dr. Riddell!—Flowers large,
white. This species is also of Chinese origin.
t Doubtful Species.
15. R. lutescens (Pursh) : fruit globose and, with the peduncles, glabrous;
branchlets hispid-prickly ; leaflets 7, oval, serrate with acuminate teeth, glabrous
; petioles unarmed; flowers solitary ; segments of the calyx lanceolate,
cuspidate ; petals oval, very obtuse.. Pursh, fl. 2. p. 736; Lindl. Ros. p. 47,
t. 9.
Described by Pursh from a garden specimen said to come from Carolina.
Flowers white with a faint tint of yellow. Pursh. Fruit black, crowned, with
the connivent sepals; peduncle thickened at the apex. Lindl.—Probably
not American.
R. Californica (Cham. & Schlecht. in Linnaa, 2. p. 35.)—Under this name a
supposed new species is indicated but not characterized, the specimen being insufficient.
The branches are said to be glabrous, with slightly recurved stipular
prickles, otherwise unarmed: the leaflets 5-7, ovate, obtuse, sharply serrate, tomentose
beneath, pubescent above, not glandular, the terminal one largest, about
9 lines in length : the flowers somewhat corymbose, about the size of those ofR.
pimpinellifolia: the peduncles furnished with spreading hairs: the calyx-tube
ovoid, glabrous; the segments ovate, with a long dilated spatulate acumination,
&c. St. Francisco, California.
The following North American species of Rosa are proposed by Rafinesque in
his monograph (published in Ann. sci. phys. Par., and afterwards in a separate
form), viz : R. Kentuckensis, trifoliolata, elegans, globosa, cursor, obovata,
nivea (R. Rafinesquii, Seringe), pusilla, enneaphylla, flexuosa, acuminata, pra.
tensis, riparia, and dasistema.
S uborder IY. POMEiE. Juss.
Calyx campanulate or urceolate., more or less globose in fruit,
when it becomes extremely thick and juicy, including and cohering
C R A M 6U S . ROSACEYE. 463
with the ovaries. Ovaries 2 -5 , or sometimes solitary, mostly coherent
with each other, with 2 collateral ascending o vu les: sty les terminal,
sometimes coheren t: stigma simple or emarginate. Fruit a pome, 1—
5-celled ; the cells sometimes spuriously divided by the inflexion o f
the dorsal suture. Seeds 1 -2 in each carpel (many in Cydonia).
—Trees or shrubs (confined to temperate climates), with simple or
sometimes pinnate leaves, which, except in Cotoneaster, do not contain
hydrocyanic acid. Fruit usually eatable.
26. CRATiEGUS. Linn. (excl. spec.); Lindl. in Lin. brans. 13. p. 105.
Calyx-tube urceolate; the limb 5-cleft. Petals 5, orbicular, spreading.
Stamens numerous. Styles 1-5, glabrous, or hairy at the base. Pome
fleshy or baccate, crowned with the teeth of the calyx, containing 1-5 bony
1-seeded carpels; the summit contracted or closed by the disk.—Thorny
shrubs or small trees, with simple often incised or lobed leaves. Flowers in
terminal corymbs, or rarely solitary, usually white. Bracts linear or subulate,
deciduous. Fruit often eatable.— Thorn-tree. "
The fruit is sometimes more or less concave and open at the summit, as in Mes-
pilus Germanica, which perhaps is not generically distinct.—The leaves are subject
to considerable variation in almost every species; and those of the young and
vigorous shoots are longer, more incised or lobed, and often quite different in form
and appearance from those of the flowering branches: the stipules in the former
are much larger and foliaceous, and perhaps always glandular; but no dependence
can be placed on them for specific characters. The same may be said of the
glands on the margin of the leaves and calyx-segments ; they may be observed in
all our species (except C. cordata, and even on the stipules of that plant) and they
are not uniformly present in any. The styles vary from 1 to 3, and from 3-5, in
many species ; and the fruit which would be globose when 5 carpels ripen, is
sometimes ovoid when 2 or 3 of the carpels are suppressed. Good characters
may, however, be derived from the fruit, as also from the calyx, the inflorescence,
and, to a certain extent, from the leaves. Notwithstanding these difficulties, we
consider the North American species as mostly well characterized. The uncertainty
which has prevailed concerning them, is to be attributed in no small degree
to the confusion in the synonomy; and this we have fortunately had the means of
rectifying to a considerable extent.
* Corymbs many-flowered.
1. ^ C. Oxyacantha (Linn.): leaves obovate, 3—5-lobed, incised and serrate,
cuneiform at the base, shining, and, with the branchlets and peduncles, glabrous
; segments of the calyx ovate, acute or acuminate, not glandular;
styles 1-3; fruit (deep red or purple) ovoid, small.—Linn. ! spec. 1. p. 477 •
Fl. Dan. t. 334; Engl. hot. t. 2054 ; Schk. handb. t. 132; Darlmgt. A.
Cest. p. 294.- . ■ ’ * J
Road-sides, fence-rows, &c., introduced from Europe and sparingly naturalized.
It also exists in Newfoundland, but was probably introduced.
—Hawthorn. English Thorn.
2. C. Crus-galli (Linn.) : leaves obovate-cuneiform, shining, coriaceous
glabrous, nearly sessile, serrate, entire near the base ; spines, very long; peduncles
and pedicels glabrous or nearly so ; styles 1-3 1 fruit (red) somewhat
pyriform— Linn.! spec. 1. p. 476 ; Ait. ! Kew. (ed. 1.) 2. p. 170 • Willd. '
spec. 2. p. 1004 ; Michx. ! fl. 1.p. 288 ; Pursh, fl. l .p . 338 ; Ell. sk. l .p .