at the base. Carpels appressed, (at first united, at length separating. Hook.}
6-8 lines long: stigmas persistent, 2-3 lines long. Toms somewhat dilated.—
P. leiocarpum, Fisch. & Meyer, is nothing more than an accidental variety;
the carpels in some of Mr. Nuttall’s specimens being perfectly glabrous, ip
others with a few hairs.—This anomalous genus is almost exactly intermediate
between Papaveraceee and Ranunculaceee.
Or d e r XIII. FUMARIACEiE. DC.
Sepals 2, small, deciduous. Petals 4, hypogynous, cruciate ; one or
both of the two outer ones saccate or spurred a t the base ; the inner
pair cohering a t the callous apex, and enclosirig the anthers and stigma.
Stamens 6, hypogynous : filaments in two parcels, placed opposite
the outer petals, dilated, distinct or usually diadelphous: anthers
adnate, extrorse ; the middle one of each parcel 2-celled ; the lateral
ones 1-celled. Ovary composed of 2 united carpels, 1-celled, with 2
parietal placentae : style filiform : stigmas united, often lobed or cuspidate,
alternate with the inner petals. Fruit either an indehiscent 1—
2-seeded nut, or a 2-valved many-seeded pod-shaped capsule; the
valves a t length often separating from the persistent filiform placentae.
Seeds anatropous or partly campulitropous, shining, arilled : albumen
fleshy. Embryo in the genera with indehiscent fruit minute and ex-
centric, in the others longer and more or less curved or circinate.—
Annual or perennial glabrous and often glaucous herbs, with a watery
juice. Leaves alternate, ternately or pinnately divided, exstipulate.
Flowers racemose or cymose, purple, white, or yellow.
The two lateral stamens of each parcel, having unilocular anthers, may be considered
as half-stamens, formed by the division of the two stamens which correspond
to the inner petals: the true number in the order, according to this view, being four,
one to each petal.—Lindley is inclined to regard the sepals as bracts, and the outer
petals as sepals : but their analogy with Papaveracese (from which Lindley, following
Bemhardi, distinguishes them only as a suborder) does not favor this view. J
1. DIELYTRA. Borkhausen; Hook. (Diclytra, DC.}
Exterior petals equally saccate or spurred at the base. Capsule pod-shaped,
many-seeded.—Perennial herbs. Flowers (mostly), on scapes: racemes
simple, the pedicels furnished with a pair of opposite bracteoles; or compound,
with the divisions cymose.
The centrifugal developement of the branches of the inflorescence in D. formosa,
&c. is indicated by the bibracteolate pedicels of D. Cucullaria and Canadensis.
1. D. Cucullaria (D C .): spurs divaricate, straight and rather acute;
wing of the inner petals short; raceme simple, 4-10-flowered.—DC. syst. 2.
p. 118.; Hook.jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 35. D. Canadensis, Borkh. fide DC. Fu-
maria Cucullaria, L in n .; Michx.l jl. 2. p. 51; Bot.mag. t. 1127. Corydalis
Cucullaria, Pers. syn. 2. p. 269; P ursh! fl. 2. p. 462. Cucullaria
bulbosa, R a f. in Desv.jour. bot. 2: p. 159. . .. , .
Shady woods, Canada! to Kentucky! and N. W. America. April.—Rhizoma
not creeping, bulbiferous; the scales (which are the persistent and
thickened bases of petioles, filled with fecula,) small, triangular, reddish
when exposed to the air, white when subterranean. Leaves commonly 2 to
each stem, on long petioles, glaucous beneath, triternately decompound; the
primary and secondary divisions petiolulate; ultimate ones lacmiately pin-
natifid ; the lobes oblong-linear, obtuse or somewhat acute mucronulate.
Scape 6-10 inches high. Flowers somewhat secund, noddmg, white or
cream-color, yellow at the summit. Bracts and bracteoles minute, white.
Inner petals carinate; the carina not projecting beyond the summit. Filaments
distinct; the middle one with a subulate process projecting into the
cavity of the spur. Stigma compressed, reniform, obtusely 4-iobed. Cap-
2. D. Canadensis (DC.) : spurs short, rounded ; wing of the inner petals
projecting beyond the summit; raceme simple, 4-6 flowered.—DC. prodr.
1. ».126. Cory dalis Canadensis, Goldie, in Edinb.phil. jour. 6. p. 330;
Thomas, in Sill. jour. 26. p. 114. Diclytra eximia, Beck ! bot. p. 23. D.
eximia /?. Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 35. , . T^ . .
Rocky woodsAu rich soil, Canada ! to New-York . and west to Kentucky.
April.—Subterranean stems creeping, sparsely tuberiferdus; the tubers
roundish, bright yellow, and about as large, as a grain of Indian corn (—hence
the popular name, Squirrel-corn), each marked with, the cicatrix of the
fallen petiole. Leaves resembling those of D. Cucullaria, but with narrower
lobes; commonly but one to each scape. Petioles terete.. Scape 4-6 inches
hio-h. Corolla cordate-ovate, greenish-white, tinged with purple. Spurs
rounded and slightly incurved. Flowers fragrant.— Pursh has confounded
this species with his Corydalis formosa.
3. D. formosa (D C .): spurs short, obtuse, somewhat incurved ; wings of
the inner petals projecting beyond the summit; raceme compound, the
branches cymulose; stigma 2-horned at the apex; leaves numerous. DC.
syst. 2. p. 109 (in part) ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 177; Thomas, in Sill. jour. 1. c. D.
eximia, DC. 1. c. Fumaria formosa, Andr. bot. rep. t. 393; Sims, bot. mag.
t. 1155. F ’. eximia, Ker, bot. reg. t. 50. Corydalis formosa, Pursh! jl. 2. p.
462. (excl. Canad. var.) ' 1 ■ •
Clefts of rocks, on the mountains of Virginia and North Carolina, Pursh!
N u ttd ll! Le Conte ! June-Sept.—Rhizoma scaly-bulbiferous. Leaves 3-8
or more, rising from the crown of the rhizoma; petioles channelled, dilated
at the base; divisions of the lamina variable in size and width, but
mostly oblong and incisely pinnatifid. Scape 8—12 inches h igh ; cymules
several-flowered, with conspicuous crowded purplish bracts. Flowers pendulous,
reddish-purple, oblong. Exterior petals attenuate upwards; lamina
somewhat spreading: wings of the inner petals projecting beyond the summit
in the form of 2 oblong lobes.. Filaments free at the base, united above.
Stigma 2 lobed, with 2 slender approximate horns between, the lobes.—A
beautiful species, often cultivated, and flowering throughout the season.
4. D. saccata (Nutt.! mss.): “ spurs short, very obtuse, saccate ; wings of
the inner petals scarcely projecting; raceme somewhap compound, few-
flowered ; stigma triangular, entire; leaves numerous; rhizoma Creeping.”
—D. formosa & D. eximia, J3bofc. jf2. Dor.-Am. l.p . 352.
“ Shady woods of the Oregon.—Leaves several from each rootstock, somewhat
glaucous; segments cuneate-obovate, incised, very acute. Scape
about a foot high. Raceme about 4-flowered: bracts linear-lanceolate and
acuminate. Sepals ovate, acute, appressed. Flowers broadly ovate, approximated
at the summit of the scape, remarkably ventricose, pale red.” •Nutt.