petioles ; styles and cells of the ovary 2.—Linn, ! spec. 2. p. 1058 (Catesl.
Car. appx. t. 16); Michx.J fl. 2. p. 256 ; Pursh! ji. 1. p. 191; Bot. mag.
t. 1333 ; Bigel. med. bot. 3. p. 82, t. 29 ; Baft. veg. mat. med. t. 45 ; Torr.!
fl. 1. p. 292; D C .!. prodr. 4. p. 252 ; Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 273;
Darlingt. fl. Cest.p. 181.
Rich woods, Canada ! to the mountains of the Southern States. July.—
Root 3-6 inches in length, transversely wrinkled, aromatic (slightly stimulant).
Petals yellowish-green. Fruit baccate and bright crimson when
ripe.—The P. pseudo-Ginseng, Wall, of Nepaul (beautifully figured in the
Plantce AsiatiCte Raridres) exceedingly resembles our own well-known
Ginseng.
2. P. trifolium (Linn.): polygamo-dicecious; root globose; leaflets 3-5,
lanceolate-oblong, not petiolulate ; peduncle nearly as long as the leaves;
styles and cells of the ovary mostly 3.—Linn. 1. c .; Michx. 1 l. c. ; Torr. !
fl. 1. p. 291; DC.! 1. c. ! Hook.! 1. c.; Darlingt. fl. Cest.p. 182. P.pu-
silla, Sims, bot. mag. t. 1334.
Shady woods along streams, Canada ! to the mountains of the Southern
States ! April.—Tuber deep in the ground, pungent to the taste. Stem 4-8
inches high. Flowers white. Fruit yellowish-green,—Dwarf Ginseng.
Ground-Nut.
§ 2. Shrubby or arborescent', prickly : leaves palmately lobed, scattered :
umbels mostly racemed or panicled.—Opdofanax.
P. horridum (Smith): creeping at the base, very prickly in every part;
leaves roundish-cordate, palmately lobed, incisely serrate ; umbels capitate
(the flowers often scattered), peduncled, disposed in a long raceme ; styles
and cells of the ovary 2.—Smith ! in Rees, cyclop:; DC: prodr. 4. p. 252 ;
Bongard, veg. Sitcha, l. c. p. 143 ; Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 273, t. 98.
Aralia erinacea, Hook.! in Edinb. phil. jour. 1827 ; DC. prodr. 4.
p. 259.
Shady fir woods, N. W. Coast and Islands* from Sitcha {Bongard), Charlotte
Sound, &c., to the Oregon, the interior of California, and the Rocky
Mountains, Menzies! Dr.Scouler! Douglas! Nuttall! Drutnmond! and
occasionally found on the east side of the Rocky Mountains, according to
Drummond.—Stem thick, 6-12 feet high : prickles aeicular, yellow. ■ Leaves
very large;—The entangled stems are a great impediment to travellers in
the woods of the North West Coast.
3. ? ADOXA. Linn. ; Lam: ill. t. 320 ; Ktich,fi. Germ. Sf Helv. p. 323 ;
Endl. gen. p. 793.
Flowers perfect. Tube of the calyx coherent with the lower part of the
ovary ; the limb slightly 2-3-cleft. Petals 4-5, inserted on the limb of the
calyx, united at the base, spreading. Stamens 4-5, each filament 2-parted ;
the divisions bearing each a single-celled peltate anther: Styles 4-5, subulate.
Fruit an herbaceous and juicy berry, 4-5-celled; each cell with a
single suspended seed. Seeds compressed, with a membranaceous margin.
—A small and slender perennial herb (indigenous to the north of Europe,
Asia, and America), with the odor of musk: root tubefous. Radical leaves
2-ternately compound, on long petioles; the cauline solitary, 1-2-ternate or
incised. Flo wars 4-6 (greenish), in a terminal capitulum; the lateral one*
mostly pentdmerous, the terminal tetramerous.
A. Moschatdhna (Linn.)—Fl. Dan. t. 94 ; Engl, bot• t. 453; Gcertn.fr.
t’ 112 ; Schk. handb. t. 109 ; DC.! prodr. 2. p. 451; Richards.! appx.
Frankl, journ. ed. 2. p. 13; Torr.! in ann. lyc. New York, 1. p. 32;
Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. L p. 273.
In the woody country between lat. 54° and 64°, Richardson! and on the
Rocky Mountains as far south as about lat. 42°, Dr. James! Drummond!
but only on the higher peaks.—Koch, who seems first to have- described
Adoxa correctly, refers it to Caprifoliacete.
Or d e r LXX. CORNACEtE. DC.
Calyx adherent to the ovary the limb 4—5-toothed, minute, o f
4-5-lobed, with a valvate aestivation. . Petals distinct* equal in number
t o . the teeth o f the calyx, and inserted alternately with them
into the margin o f the epigynous disk, broad at the base : asstivation
Valvate. Stamens 4 -5 , inserted with the petals and alternate with
them : anthers introrse, mostly cordate, Ovary 1-2-celled, with a
solitary pendulous ovule in each c e l l : styles single. Drupes baccate,
with a 1-2-celled nucleus, Crowned with the remains o f the
calyx. Seeds anatropous. Embryo nearly the length o f the fleshy
albumen ; the radicle shorter than the oblong cotyledons.—Trees or
shrubs, rarely herbaceous, with a bitter bark. Leaves opposite (o f
rarely somewhat alternate), mostly entire, exstipulate, pinnately
veined. Flowers cym o se; the inflorescence sometimes capitate
and involucrate, rarely dioecious. Hairs centrally affixed.
The centrally affixed bicuspidate hairs, like those of Malpighia, which are
noticed by De Candolle in one or two species of Cornus, are common to the whole
genus* as well as to Benthamia, and Mastixia pentandra, Blume. The latter fa
specimen of which we have examined in the herbarium of the Lyceum of Natural
History, New York,) is a true Cornaceous plant, and the leaves are, at least
sometimes,-opposite.
1. CORNUS. Toum.; Gcertn.fr. t. 26; L'Her. Corn.; Endl. gen. p. 798.-
Limb of the calyx 4-toothed, minute. Petals oblong, spreading. Filaments
filiform. Style subclavate : stigma obtuse or capitate. Drupes not
connate into a syncarpium— Leaves entire, minutely scabrous • with the
appressed bicuspidate hairs." Flowers white, rarely yellow. (Bark very
bitter, tonic.)—Dogwood.
§ 1. Flowers cymose: involucre none:
1. C. alternifolia (Lirin. f .) : branches alternate (greenish) ; leaves more
publilhhig.are n°ti0ed’ W° find’ byProf- Zuecarini, in the Flora Japonica, now