Flowers very small, white'; pedicels as long as the calyx. Silique nearly an
inch long, flat; the valves obscurely reticulated. Seeds about 15 in each cell,
with an almost winged margin.—Easily distinguished by its broad siliques
and margined seeds.
10. C. digitata (Richards.): leaves digitately pinnate; leaflets sessile, linear,
entire; style short, about as thick as the silique; stigma capitate.
Richards, app. Frankl. journ. p. 26; DC. prodr. 1. p. 53; Hook. A.
Bor.-Am. 1. p. 45.
Arctic America—Stem creeping at the base (not tuberiferous, Hook.).
Flowers as large as in Cardamine pratensis, white or purplish. Siliques not
seen. Richardson.
j| Doubtful species.
11. C.? multifida (Pursh): pubescent, branched; leaves interruptedly
pinnately divided; segments bipinnatifid; ultimate divisions rounded, incised;
siliques shorter than the pedicels. DC.—Pursh., fl. 2. p. 440; DC.syst.
2. p. 267.
Florida, near St. Augustine, Bartram in herb. Banks.—If Siliques oblong,
scarcely 2 lines long, glabrous; style none. Pedicels filiform. DC.—
Perhaps a Nasturtium.
C. reflexa and C. angustijolia, Raf. fl. I/udov., having been founded upon the
—vague popular descriptions by Robin of plants which Rafinesque never saw, and of
which he knew nothing whatever, of course cannot be admitted even to the rank of
doubtful species.
8. DENTARIA. L in n .; DC.syst. 2. p. 271.
Silique lanceolate; valves plane, nervless, often dehiscing elastically ; placenta
not winged. Seeds ovate, not bordered, in a single series: funiculi
dilated.—Perennials. Rhizoma horizontal, fleshy, often irregularly toothed.
Leaves temately, palmately, or pinnately divided; radical ones (when present)
on long petioles; cauline ones (often 3) near the middle of the stem or
* scape, verticillate or alternate. Flowers white or purple.
Scarcely more than a section of Cardamine.
1. D. laciniata (Muhl.): rhizoma moniliform; cauline leaves 3, usually
veticillate, temately parted; segments incised, the lateral ones lobed.—
Muhl.! in Willd. sp. 3. p. 479. cat. p. 63 ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 155; Ell.
sk. 2. p. 144; B a rt.jl. Am. sept. 3. t. 72; Hook, fl: Bor.-Am. 1. p. 46. D.
concatenata, Michx.! fl. 2. p. 30.
a. segments of the leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, incisely toothed.
0. segments laciniately pinnatifid.
y. segments narrowly linear, sparingly toothed, or nearly entire.'
<5. leaves alternate; segments ovate, incisely toothed and lobed, a little
rough on the margin.
Rich alluvial soils, Canada to Georgia! and west to the Mississippi. Watertown,
New-York, Dr. Crawe l Macon, Georgia, CrOom! April-May.—
Plant 4-12 inches high. Tubers of the rhizoma connected by a neck, sparingly
fibrillose, pungent to the taste like mustard. Cauline leaves verticil-
late above the middle of the stem, or alternate (rarely 2), on short petioles;
segments variable in width and in the form and length of the teeth or laci-
nise; radical leaves sometimes wanting. Petals 3 times the length of the
sepals, pale purple, or nearly white, obovate-oblong. Style when young not
longer than the stamens. Silique somewhat torulose, with a long tapering
point.—We have not seen the var. <5. in fruit. It is so remarkable in the form
of its leaves that it may prove to be a new species. It is perhaps the D.
maxima of Nuttall, although it by no means agrees with the detailed description
of that botanist.
2. D. maxima (Nutt.): stem tall; leaves (5-7) alternate, remote, the
margin a little roughened; leaflets somewhat oval, incisely and acutely toothed,
lateral ones lobed (flowers pale purple). Nutt. gen. 2. p. 66; DC.
prodr. 1. p. 155.
Western part of the State of New-York, and Pennsylvania. Nuttall.—
Stem often nearly 2 feet high. Tubers concatenate. Nutt.
3. D. multifida (Muhl.): stem 2-3-leaved; leaves mostly verticillate, 2-3-
ternately divided; segments and lobes all linear and very narrow; siliques
narrow.—Muhl.! cat. p. 63; Ell. sk. 2. p. 143. D. dissecta, Leavenworth,
in Sill. jour. 7. p. 62, t
Shady woods, near Salem, N. Carolina, Schweinitz ! Cherokee country,
Dr. Leavenworth; near Tuscaloosa, Alabama, Nuttall.—A. span high.
Rhizoma tuberous. (Nutt.) Leaves with remarkably narrow divisions,
almost as fine as those of the Carrot. Flowers white (Nutt.), smaller than
in D. laciniata.
4. D. heterophylla (Nutt.) : rhizoma moniliform, the tubers oblong; cauline
leaves 2 (rarely 3), petioled, alternate, temately divided; leaflets linear-
lanceolate, entire or toothed; margin minutely and ciliately roughened ; radical
leaves rather obtusely lobed.—Nutt..' gen. 2. p. 66; DC. prodr. 1. p.
155. "
Shady woods, near banks of rivers, Pennsylvania ! to Kentucky ! April-
May.—A foot high. Leaflets of the radical leaves incisely lobed and
crenately toothed, the teeth minutely mucronate. Pedicels about as long
as the purplish flowers. Siliques with a long tapering point. Stigma capitate
or obscurely 2-lobed.
5. D. diphylla (Michx.) : rhizoma elongated, toothed ; cauline leaves 2,
temately divided; segments ovate or oblong, unequally and incisely toothed.
—Michx.! fl. 2. p. 30; Bot. mag. t. 1465; DC. prodr. 1. p. 169; Hook,
fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 46.
Shady woods, in rich soil, Canada ! to S. Carolina, west to the Mississippi!
April-May.—Rhizoma extensively creeping, often branched, marked with
projecting teeth, Very pungent to the taste (hence the vulgar name, Pepper-
root). Leaves closely approximated above the middle of the stem: petiole
about an inch long. Flowers white or very pale purple: pedicels rather
thick, longer than the flower, spreading.
6. D. tenella (Pursh) : root fibrous, bearing roundish tubers (Hook.);
radical leaves simple, roundish, about 5-lobed ; cauline leaves 1-4, alternate,
temately or pinnately divided; segments linear, acute, entire or sparingly
toothed.—Pursh! fl. 2. p. 439; DC. prodr. 1. p. 155. D. tenuifolia, Ledeb.
in mem. acad. St. Petersb. (1815) p. 547 ?; Hook. fl. Bor,-Am. 1. p. 46.
Oregon, Menzies, Nuttall!—Plant 3-10 inches high. Radical leaves
scarcely an inch long, crenately lobed. Stem often bearing but a single
nearly sessile leaf. Flowers rather smaller than in Cardamine pratensis,
pale purple.—Mr. Nuttall thinks this plant to be distinct from D. tenuifolia
of Ledebour; while Sir W. J. Hooker states that he could find no difference
between them. In our Siberian specimens of the latter, the cauline leaves
are distinctly petioled," with toothed divisions, and the flowers are considerably
larger than in the Oregon plant. They have, however, at least in one of
our specimens, a simple lobed radical leaf.