9. R. affinis (R. Brown) : radical leaves petioled, pedately multifid;
cauline ones subsessile, digitate, with linear lobes ; stem erect, few-flowered
and, with the calyx and ovaries, pubescent; carpels with a recurved beak,
disposed in oblong-cylindrical heads. R. Br. in P a rry ’s 1st voy. am. P.
265; Hook.fl. Bor*Am. 1. p. 12.
a. petals twice as long as the calyx. Hook; l. c. t. 6 . A.—R. affinis, R. Br.
1. c ; Richards, in Frankl. 1st jour. app. ed. 2. p. 23 ; Hook, in Parry’s
2nd voy. app.p. 3S4. R. arcticus, Richards. 1. c. ed. 1.
0. petals a little shorter than the calyx, or none; lower leaves more or less
divided. Hook. 1. c. t. 6. A. b.
y. the exterior radical leaves suborbicular, undivided. Hook. 1. c.
Canada to the Arctic Sea, and from long. 95° to the western declivity of
the Rocky Mountains. Kotzebue’s Sound, Hook. 0. & r. Melville Island
and shore of the Arctic Sea, Hook.—Very near R. auricomus. Brown. -
10. R. ovalis (Hook.) : pubescent; radical leaves oval, cordate or truncate
at the base, undi vided, rarely crenately 3-lobed; cauline ones subsessile,
digitate, with the lobes all linear; stem erect, many-flowered ; calyx pubescent,
as long as the corolla ; heads of carpels globose. Hook.fi. Bor.-Am. 1.
p. 13. t. 6. ƒ B ; Raf. in Desv.jour. bot.2.p. 2 6 8 ? ; DC.prodr. 1. p. 43?
Rocky Mountains, lat. 52°, and about Carlton House.—Root fasciculately
fibrous. Radical leaves crenate, undivided, trifid, or pedately palmate. Sepals
spreading, at length reflexed. Petals oval. Carpels as in R. affinis.
11. R. brevicaulis (Hook.): pubescent; radical leaves all undivided,
cordate-oval, crenate, cauline ones palmately many-cleft; stem much shorter
than the leaves, erect, many-flowered ; heads of carpels globose ; petals 6.
Hook.fi. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 13. t. 7. A.
Shores of Lake Huron, Drummond; Fort Gratiot, St. Clair River, Dr.
Pitcher !—Plant 2-6 inches high. Leaves on long petioles, large in proportion
to the size of the plant. Flower about half an inch in diameter.—Probably
only a variety-of the preceding species.
12. R. rhomboideus (Goldie) : hirsutely pubescent; radical leaves ovate-
rhomboid, undivided; serrate (or crenate), cauline ones palmate, floral ones
deeply laciniate; sepals spreading, pilose; head of carpels globose, glabrous,
with an extremely short beak.— Goldie, in Edinb. phil. jour. 6. p. 329. t. 11.
f . 1; Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 12.
Canada, Goldie, Denkel Near Montreal, Dr. Holmes!— Stem 3-6
inches high, branching above. Radical leaves orbicular-ovate, rhomboidal or
obovate-cuneiform. Petals 5, oblong-obovate, longer than the sepals.
13. R. cardiophyllus (Hook.) : hirsutely pubescent; radical leaves roundcordate,
with the base rather deeply emarginate, undivided or many-cleft;
cauline ones palmately many-cleft; the lobes linear, incisely crenate; petals
broadly oval, very obtuse,' twice as long as the spreading sepals; head of
carpels oblong.—Hook. fl. Bor.-Am. l.p . 14. t. 5. f. B : Nutt, in jour. acad.
Philad. 7. p. 8. J
Canada to lat. 55°; Rocky Mountains, Drummond; Flat-Head River,
N. W. America, Mr. Wyeth.-—Stem 1 foot high, robust. Stem-leaves nearly
sessile. Carpels numerous, roundish, small, terminated with a minute rather
long hooked style. Flowers golden yellow, as large as in R. bulbosus.
Hook.—This and the four preceding species are nearly allied, and all of
them, with the exception of R. rhomboideus, may be, as Hooker suspects
only varieties of R. auricomus. They all have fibrose-fasciculate roots. 14
14. R. micranthus (Nutt.! mss.): “ hairy, dwarf, (small-flowered);
leaves petiolate, somewhat rhombic-ovate, crenate, some of them \3-parted or
3-cleft; cauline ones subsessile, with 3 to 5 linear-oblong divisions; sepals
with a broad membranaceous border, as long as the corolla.
“ Margin of ponds throughout the upper and western part of Missouri;
likewise in Arkansas, collected by Dr. Pitcher.” Nu tta ll!--Distinguished
from R abortivus, which it much resembles, by the constant hairiness of the
stem, calyx, and petioles, as well as by the very different form of the primary
leaves “ From R. ovalis it differs in the flower being less than half as large,
and also by the shorter radical leaves with much fewer serratures.” Nutt.
B 1 Californicus: stem very short ; leaves much crowded ; primary
ones reniform-cordate, cauline trifoliolate ; the leaflets on long petioles, 2-3
California, Douglas!—Stem short and thick, scarcely 2 inches high.
Leaves nearly glabrous, except a little hairiness on the margin the petioles
pubescent. Flower subsolitary, as large as in R. abortivus.—We have but a
solitary and rather imperfect specimen of this plant, and are therefore unable to
.determine whether it is a distinct species, or a mere variety of R. micranthus.
15. R. glaberrimus (Hook.): leaves all (except the Uppermost) petioled ;
radical ones roundish, entire or coarsely 3-toothed; cauline ones somewhat
cuneiform 3-cleft; petals twice as large as the oval spreading sepals ; heads
of carpels globose. Hook. ft. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 12. t. 5. A ; Nutt.! in jour.
acad. Philad. 7. p. 7. ■ , . .
Rocky Mountains near perpetual snow, Douglas ; Wallawallah River, &c.
Nuttall!—Roots fibrose-fascicled. Whole plant very glabrous^ somewhat
succulent. Stem a span high, 1-3-flowered. Cauline leaves 3-cleft; segments
lanceolate, obtuse, entire. Corolla half an inch in diameter. Petals
5, oval, twice the length of the calyx.
16 R. abortivus (Linn.) : glabrous and very smooth; radical leaves petioled
reniform or broadly ovate and subeordate, crenate, sometimes 3-cleft;
cauline ones 3- 5-parted, with linear-oblong nearly entire segments; sepals
reflexed, longer than the petals ; head of carpels globose or ovate.— m ild,
sp 2 p. 1334 ; Pursh ! fl. 2. p. 392 ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 34; Hook. fl. Bor.-
Am I p 14 (excl. 0.) R. nitidus, Walt. Car, p. 159?; P ursh! 1. c.
Newfoundland, and Canada lat. 57°, to S. Carolina ! west to Arkansas !
and the Rocky Mountains; in rocky woods. April-June.-—Root fibrose-
fascicled. Stem simple or branching. Flowers 2-3 lines in diameter. Se-
pals oval obtuse, colored. Petals pale yellow, with a conspicuous truncate
scale. Carpels roundish, margined, with a, very short straight style (or sometimes
with a long and stout recurved mucro. Hook.) Near R. auricomus,
but a smoother plant with much smaller flowers. Var. 0. of Hooker is perhaps
a form of that species.
17. R. sceleratus (Linn.): . glabrous; leaves petioled, 3-parted; radical
ones with the divisions 3-lobed and obtusely incised ; the upper, cauline ones
with oblong-linear nearly entire lobes; sepals reflexed, about equal to the
petals; carpels minute, disposed in oblong-cylindrical heads.— Willd. sp. 2.
p. 1315 ; Pursh ! ft. 2. p. 293; D C. prodr. J p. 34 ; Ell. sk. 2. p. 59; Hook,
fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 15. 1 ; , ' , , „
0. multifidus (Nutt.! mss.): “ leaves much divided; flowers larger; head of
carpels ovate, thick.” , ,
In ditches, &c. Canada! (lat. 67°) to S. Carolina. 0. Ponds of the Platte,
Nuttall!—Stem thick and succulent, fistulous, very leafy. Flowers small,
pale yellow. Carpels very numerous, scarcely pointed. 0. About a span
high more slender; the head of carpels much shorter and thicker.
18 R Purshii (Richardson): submerged leaves filiformly 2-3-choto-
mously dissected, with the segments flat; emersed ones reniform, 3-5-parted,
the lobes variously divided; petals twice as large as the reflexed sepals; carpels
in globose heads, smooth, with a! short and straight ensiform style.—
Hook.! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 15. , .
a. leaves all filiformly dissected (flowers as large as in R. a cn s); stem fis