from C. rhomboidea, DC., and that the difference in 'the appearance of the
two plants depends on the place of growth. The former grows in cold sequestered
springy places, where it does not readily bear fruit early in the season;
and as summer advances, it becomes slender, procumbent, and loses its
tubers at the base of the stem. Sir William J. Hooker has accurately figur-
ed and described both forms of the plant; but having seen the two pass into
each other, we are obliged to dissent from our friends who consider them distinct.
1 he var. y. takes the place of the ordinary form in Canada, the western
part of the State of New York, and the Western States.
2. C. spathulata (Michx.): radical leaves petioled, spatulate, entire, hir-
sute with a trifurcate pubescence; cauline ones sessile, ovate or linear-oblong;
’ 143mS decum^ent-—Michx.! fl. 2.p. 29; DC. syst. 2 .p.
High mountains of Carolina, Michaux!—(I) Stems 6-8 inches long,
“ en ^ r! glabrous. Leaves about an inch in length; the radical ones rosulate,
rounded at the extremity; cauline ones entire or somewhat toothed. Racemes
loose ; the pedicels filiform and spreading. Siliques distant, one inch
long; straight, rather acute. Stigma sessile.
3. C. bellidifolia (Linn.) : leaves glabrous, somewhat fleshy; the radical
ones ovate, petioled, entire; cauline ones few, entire or 3-lobed; siliques
erect; stigma nearly sessile.—DC. syst. 2.p. 249; Hook..' fl. Bor.-Am. l.p .
44. C. rotundifolia, Bigel.! fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 252.
White Mountains of New Hampshire, Bigelow, Oakes ! Arctic Ameri-
ca and Rocky Mountains, Unalaschka, and California, Douglas l June-July.
fl Plant 2-4 inches high. Raceme corymbed. Petals cuneiform, twice
as long as the calyx, white. Siliques about an inch long, straight.
* * Leaves temately or pinnately divided.
4. C purpurea (Cham & Schlect.): nearly glabrous; radical and cauline
leaves 3-5-loholate; lateral leaflets roundish-oval, acute; the terminal one roundish
and cordate, 3-toothed ; lower pedicel furnished with a leaf-like, cuneiform
3-toothed bract; petals (deep purple) reticulately veined. Cham. & Schlecht
m Linnata, 1. p. 20; Hook.fl. Bor.-Am. l.p . 44; Hook. $ Am. bot. Beechey,
Island of St. Lawrence, Chamisso; and Kotzebue’s Sound, Beechey —
Radical leaves many, cauline leaf solitary; all on long petioles.
5. C. angulata (Hook.): leaves petioled, 3- (rarely 5-) foliolate, angled or
mcisely lobed, acute or cuneiform at the base, glabrous; radical ones round-
ish ; cauline ovate or lanceolate. Hook.! in bot. misc. 1. p. 343. t\ 69 ii.
Bor.-Am. l.p . 44. Dentaria angulata, Nutt.! mss.
0. alba: leaves pubescent, always 3-foliolate; flowers white.—Dentaria angulata
0. alba, Nutt.! mss.
Banks of the Oregon, Scouler! and near the outlet of the Wahlamet
Nuttall!—fl Roots long, creeping, fibrous. Stem 12-18 inches high. Radical
leaves on petioles 3—6 inches long. Flowers in corymbose racemes, as
large as in C. pratensis: pedicels 4-6 lines long, spreading. Sepals scarcely
one-fourth the length of the petals, broadly ovate, rather acute. Petals in «. pale
f[°c^-Color, ; m H wilite! obovate, emarginate, spreading; claws much exserted.
oilique lanceolate, nearly a line in breadth.” Nutt.
6. C.pratensis (Linn.) : stem erect or decumbent; leaves pinnately 7-13-
foliolate; leaflets mostly entire, often petiolulate, those of the radical leaves
roundish, of the cauline ones oblong or linear; style short and thick.__Pursh
fl. 2. p. 440; DC. prodr. 1. p. 151; Hook.! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 45.
Swamps, Arctic! and N. W. America, to the western part of New York!
April-May.—fl Stem 12-18 inches high. Lower leaves on long petioles,
the leaflets petiolulate, sparingly toothed or entire ; those of the upper leaves
sometimes almost filiform. Flowers large, white or rose-color. . Siliques
erect, an inch long; the style short and thick, or rather slender: stigma capitate
or somewhat 2-lobed.
7. C. hirsuta (Linn.): leaves pinnate or lyrately pinnatifid; leaflets of
the radical leaves roundish, of the cauline ones oblong or linear, toothed or
entire; petals (small) oblong-cuneiform; style short or none; stigma minute;
siliques erect —DC.prodr. l.p. 152; Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 45; Darlingt.
fl. Cest. ed. 2. p. 385. C. Pennsylvanica, Muhl.! cat.p. 63; Willd. sp. 3.
p. 486 ; DC. prodr. 1. c .; Ell. sk. 2. p. 144.
0. acuminata (Nutt.! mss.): “ stem somewhat hirsute ; pedicels half as
long as the conspicuously acuminate silique.”
y. parviflora (Nutt. ! mss.) : “ somewhat hirsute; stem nearly naked;
siliques very long, fastigiately corymbed.” ' ,
<5. Virginica: leaflets with a single tooth on one or both sides: petals
scarcely twice as long as the calyx; racemes, strictly erect: stigma sessile.—
C. Virginica, Linn.?-, M ich x .! fl. 2.p . 29 ; DC. 1. c.
Wet places (<5. often on dry rocks), Arctic ! and N. W. America ! to
Georgia! 0. British America, Richardson; Oregon, Nuttall! May-June.
y. Oregon, Nuttall! <5. Connecticut! to Kentucky! @ Stem 4-18 inches
high, glabrous or sparingly hirsute. Leaflets often petiolulate, repandly toothed,
incised, or entire. Flowers about one-third of an inch in diameter, in
y. and <5. much smaller. Sepals ovate, obtuse. Petals obovate-spatulate,
white. Siliques about an inch long.—This plant varies extremely in different
seasons of the year and in different situations. We follow Sir W.
Jackson Hooker, in considering all the forms described above as'mere varieties
of C. hirsuta, Linn. Mr. Nuttall, however, inclines to the opinion that
C. Pennsylvanica is distinct from the European plant; and our 1. Virginica
should perhaps rank as a separate species.
8. C. oligosperma (Nutt.! mss.): “ somewhat hirsute; leaves pinnate,
petiolate; leaflets reniform or obovate, conspicuously petiolulate, lobed or
or toothed; the central segment often 3-lobed (flowersminute); siliques in
terminal fascicles, broadly linear, acute, erect, few-seeded; pedicels about
one-sixth as long as the siliques. ■
“ Shady woods of the Oregon.—® or © About a foot high, with a few
short axillary branches ; pubescence spreading, simple. Leaflets nearly orbicular
with 3-5 teeth or lobes. Flowers scarcely 2 lines long, white, in
very short racemes. Sepals oblong. Petals obovate-cuneiform at the base,
but scarcely unguiculate. Siliques about an inch long and nearly a line in
breadth; each cell containing from 6 to 8 rather distant seeds.—A Carda-
mine, apparently identical with this, but with shorter siliques, grows in California,
near St. Barbara. A nearly allied allied species was collected in
Chili by Dr. Styles (C. macrocarpa, Nutt, mss.) It is somewhat hairy; the
leaflets broadly ovate and sinuately toothed; the flowers larger (white); the
siliques scattered, and longer, with 15 to 18 seeds in each cell; and the
pedicels elongated.” Nutt.
9. C. Ludoviciana (Hook.): stems branching from the base, erect or
diffused; leaves pectinately pinnatifid; segments oblong or linear, toothed;
siliques rather erect, broadly linear; style none; seeds orbicular, margined !
—Hook.! in jour. bot. 1. p. 191. C. Virginica, Muhl. cat. p. 63. ft.
Lancast. ined. 1. p. 476. Sisymbrium Ludovicianum, Nutt.! mss. in herb,
acad. Philad.
Georgia! to Kentucky! Louisiana, and Arkansas.—(l) Stem 4-10 inches
long. Radical leaves rosulate in the young plant; segments 7-10 pairs.