In fields, &e., Canada! to Louisiana, y. Louisiana, Drummond. Introduced?
May-Sept.— Stems spreading. Plant deeper green and less
hirsute than the preceding.
* * Petals longer than the calyx.
4. C. alpinum (Linn,): silky-hirsute; stems decumbent, few-flowered;
leaves elliptical-ovate ; peduncles more or less elongated; petals bifid at (he
point, twice the length of the rather obtuse scariously-margined and hairy
sepals; capsule nearly twice as long as the calyx.—Eng. bol. t. 472 ; R. Br.
m Ross's voy.; Hook.! app. Parry's 2nd voy. p. 360, $ Jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p.
0. glabratum. (Hook.) : leaves and sepals nearly glabrous, Hook.! I, c.
y. Fischerianum: hirsute with a more rigid pubescence.;—C. Fischeri-
anum, Ser. in DC. 1. c. ; Cham. $ Schlecht. in Linncea, 1. p. fiO.
Arctic America! from Greenland to Sitcha. y. Kotzebue’s Sound Fischer!
Beechey! & Unalaschka.—2( Plant 2-5 inches high. Flowers large.
5. C. Beeringianum, (Cham. & Schlecht.) : hirsute, viscous above; stems
decumbent and leafy at the base; the flowering ones erect, elongated and
few-leaved; leaves oblong, rather acutish; flowers at length nodding; sepals
elliptical, acute ; petals and capsule half as long again as the calvx. Cham,
% Schlecht. 1. c. p. 62. ’
Bay of Eschscholtz, Chamisso j Kotzebue’s Sound, Fischer!— If. Plant
8 inches high, 6-7-flowered.
6. C. arvense (Linn.): stems declined at the base, retrorsely pubescent,
few-flowered on an elongated peduncle; leaves linear or linear-lanceolate
rather acute; petals obcordate, twice the length of the rather obtuse sepals;
capsule oblong, scarcely exceeding the calyx.—Eng. hot. t. 93; DC. prodr.
1. p. 419 ; Hook.! Jl. Bor-Am. 1. p. 104. C. Pennsylvanicum, Hornemann ;
DC. 1. c. C. tenuifolium, Pursh ! ft\ 1. p. 321; Torr. ! fl. 1. p. 460; Dar-
lin g t.! 1. c. C. elongatum, Pursh! 1. c .; Nutt. ! in jour. acad. Philad. 7.
p. 16.
Rocky places, Canada! to Georgia! and west to the Rocky Mountains!
and Oregon! May-July.—1) Somewhat caespitos'e, 2-8 inches high. Leaves
6-14 lines long, longer or shorter than the internodes, obtuse or acute
sometimes fascicled in the axils. Flowers .rather large. Degree of pubescence
very variable. Capsule finally oblong, equal to or a little shorter
than the calyx.—If the capsule in the European C. arvense (of which
we have no specimens in fruit) be uniformly twice the length of the calyx,
as described by DeCandolle, it may be distinct from the American plant:
but Hooker (in Jl. Scot.) describes the capsule as scarcely longer than the
calyx.
7. C. oblongifolium (Torr.): stems erect or declined, villous; leaves oblong
lanceolate, mostly obtuse; flowers numerous ; peduncles viscid ; petals
obovate, 2-cleft, twice, the length of the oblong obtuse sepals; capsule alcut
twice as long as the calyx — Torr.! in Sill. jour. 4. p. 63, <f- f l .\ . p. 46,0.
C. villosum, “ Muhl. cal. p. 46 ” ; Darlingt! fl. Cest. ed. 2. p. 279. C.
pubescens, Goldie, in Edinb. phil. jour. 4. p ‘. 387 ? C. Pennsylvanicum
Hook. 1. 6,1 (excl. syn. C. tenuifol.) C. arvense, Pursh, fl. 1. p. 231 ? ’
Rocky places, Canada ! to Pennsylvania ! April-June.— U Stems 6-12
inches high, stout, very villous, tomentose below and at the nodes. Leaves
an inch or more long, sometimes shorter, ovate-lanceolate and obtuse, villous
or rather glabrous except the magins. Cyme twice or thrice dichotomous :
peduncles villose^ and viseid. Flowers larger than in C. arvense. Petals
cleft nearly $ their length.—Much as this species differs from C. arvense
yet occasionally specimens of the latter nearly approach it in some respects.’
8. C. rigidum (Ledeb,.): hirsute; stem erect, simple below, dichotomous
towards the summit; leaves oblong, acute ; peduncles elongated ; sepals
lanceolate, acute; petals bifid, longer than the sepals; capsule oblong,
smooth, more than twice the length of the calyx. DC.—“ Ledeb. in mem.
acad. St. Petersb. 5. p. 538; DC. prodr. 1. p. 420; Cham. & Schlecht.
1. c, p. 62.
Unalaschka, Chamisso.—Hirsute with spreading hairs, near 2 feet high.
DC.—Chamisso describes a variety smaller in all its parts.
9. C. nutans (Raf.): viscid and pubescent; stems erect, weak, branching
from the base, sulcate-striate; internodes finally much longer than the leaves;
leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, the lowermost oblong-spatulate, acute ;
cyme much elongated, divaricate, many-flowered, with long filiform pedicels;
petals oblong, bifid at the apex, exceeding the oblong sepals; capsule cylindrical,
incurved, three times the length of the calyx.—Raf. prec. decouv. p.
36; Torr.! fl. 1. p. 459 (excl. syn. C. pubescens); DC. prodr. 1. p. 420;
Hook. 1. c.; Darlingt. Jl. Cest. ed. 2. p. 280. C. longipedunculatum, Muhl.
cat.p. 47. C. glutinosum, Nutt. gen. 1. p. 291.
Low moist grounds, Hudson’s Bay to Louisiana! and west to Oregon.—
(T) Stem 8-10, often 14, inches high, very viscid and arachoid-tomentose
when young. Leaves pale green, the earliest small, at length 1-2 inches
long.—Variable in size; beginning to flower when not more than 2 or 3
inches high.
+ Doubtful species.
10. C. bracteatum (R a f.): pubescent; stem weak, terete; leaves oblong,
slightly mucronate; flowers erect, dichotomous, bracteate; bracts ovate,
acute; petals about the length of the calyx; capsules nerveless, erect. R a f.
prec. decouv. p. 36; DC. prodr. 1. p. 420.
Pennsylvania, Rafinesque.
T ribe II. SILENE.3E. DC.
Sepals united into a cylindrical tube. Petals unguiculate, inserted
with the stamens upon the stipe o f the ovary.
8. SILENE. Linn. ; Otth, in DC. prodr. 1. p. 367.
Calyx tubular, without scales at the base, 5-toothed. Petals 5, with slender
claws, which are crowned with scales at the summit; limb 2-cleft. Stamens
10. Styles 3. Capsule 3-celled at the base, opening at the top by 6
teeth.
§ 1. CiBspitose: stems scarcely a n y : calyx slightly inflated: peduncles
1-Jlowered.—Nanosilene, OUh.
1. S. acaulis (Linn.): densely caespitose; leaves linear, ciliate at the
base; peduncles short; calyx campanulate; petals (purple)obcordate, crowned;
flowers dioecious by abortion.—Bot. mag. 1.1081; Pursh, fl. 1. p. 316 ;
Hook.! fl. Bor.-Am-. 1. p. 87.
Arctic America ! to Rocky Mountains, lat. 40°, Dr. James! White Hills,
New Hampshire, Mr. Oakes!— H Plant 1-3 inches high.
§ 2. Flowers solitary or in paniculate cymes: calyx (except in S. ovata)
vesicular, inflated.—Beheaantha, Otth.