sends specimens, collected by Mr. Robbins at Cambridge, Vermont, which
are said to bear fruit intermediate between the two, and the habit of the
plant is apparently intermediate. “ It is distinguished by the inhabitants,
and was pointed out by them.” The specimens seem to belong rather to
R. strigosus. R. occidentalis, Schlecht. ! (in Linneea, 13. p. 271) from Mexico,
is a different species;
15. R . leucodermis (Dougl.! mss.): glaucous, armed with very strong
recurved prickles; stems erect; leaves 3-foliolate or sometimes pedately
5-foliolate; leaflets broadly ovate, incised and serrate, acute, canescently
tomentose beneath; stipules setaceous; peduncles axillary and terminal,
few-flowered; petals nearly the length of the sepals; fruit large, brownish-
black with a white bloom.—R. occidentalis /?. Hook. fl. Bor.-Am 1 v
178. ■ "!‘.v ■ ' S
Oregon, Douglas ! Nuttall!—The specimens received from Dr. Lindley
and from Mr. Nuttall appear to differ from R. occidentalis in the numerous
and remarkably strong prickles, larger, broader, and more incised leaflets ;
the latter when more than three being pedate, with the 3 upper leaflets
much petiolulate, the two lower smaller and nearly sessile. The fruit, according
to Nuttall, has the same flavor as R. occidentalis, but is covered with
a copious bloom.
16. R. spectabilis (Pursh): unarmed or with deciduous prickles, erect;
stem and branches terete; leaves nearly glabrous, 3-foliolate; leaflets ovate,
acuminate, membranaceous, somewhat pinnatifid-incised, serrate; the lateral
leaflets distant from the terminal one, subsessile, often deeply 2-lobed; stipules
setaceous ; peduncles solitary or in pairs, 1-2-flowered; sepals hairy
at the base, broadly ovate, with a short acumination, much shorter than the
oblong (bright red) petals; fruit large, yellowish or red .—Pursh! fl. 1. p.
348, t. 16 ; Cham. &f Schlecht. ! 1. c .; Bongard ! veg. Sitcha, l. c. p. 131 ;
Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 178 ,* Lindl•! hot. reg. t. 1424. R. stenopetalus,
Fisch. fide Hook.
In shady woods near streams, Oregon! and N. W. Coast! to Unalaschka!
<te Sitcha ! common near the ocean.—Shrub 6-10 feet high. Flowers very
large. _ Fruit ovoid, red, more than twice the size of that of R. Idseus, but
much inferior in flavor, Chamisso, (oblong yellowish-white and well-flavored,
Douglas : “ varying from amber-yellow to cherry-red, highly translucent,
but neither abundant nor very finely flavored, being rather watery and acidulous.”
Nuttall.) Styles long and somewhat persistent.
:§ 2. Carpels persistent on the somewhat juicy receptacle (fruit mostly orate or
oblong.)—(Blackberry.) 17
17. R. villosus (Ait.): stem erect or reclined, angular, armed (as well as
the petioles and often the midrib of the leaflets) with stout curved'prickles;
branches, peduncles, and lower surface of the leaves tomentose-villous and
glandular; leaves 3-foliolate or pedately 5-foliolate; leaflets ovate or oblong-
.ovate, mostly acuminate, doubly or unequally serrate; the terminal one conspicuously
petiolulate and mostly subcordate; stipules linear or subulate;
peduncles many-flowered, the flowers racemose; bracts many times shorter
than the pedicels; sepals with a linear acumination, much shorter than the
obovate spreading (white) petals; fruit large, black.—Ait. ! Kew. (ed. 1.)
2-P- 210 ; Michx. ! fl. 1. p. 297 ; Bigel. ! med. bot. t. 38, Srfl. Bost. ed. 2.
p. 199 ; Ell. ! sk. 1 .p. 567 ; Hook.! 1. c .; Darlingt. fl. Cest. p. 307. R.
fruticosus, Walt.
0. frondosus (Torr.): much less glandular, smoother; stems erect or
reclined; leaflets incisely serrate; flowers fewer, corymbose, with leafy
bracts.— Torr.! fl. 1. p. 487. R. frondosus, Bigel.! 1. c .; Beck, bot. p. 103.
R. suberectus, Hook. 1. c. ? R. inermis, Willd. ehum. 1. v. 549 ? (spec, not
in herb. Willd.)
y. humifusus: stems procumbent or trailing; leaves smaller ; peduncles
1-5-flowered.—R. Enslenii, Tratt. Rosac. 3. p. 63 P R. floridus, Tratt
l . c . ?
Borders of woods and old fields, Canada! and throughout the United
States! May-June.—This species varies much in its mode of growth and
appearance ; the tall erect forms (4-8 feet high) are often accompanied by
prostrate stems, throwing up short few-flowered branches ; and the racemes
of the larger and more villous plant are often leafy below. The inflorescence,
however, even in this form of the species, is not strictly a raceme, since the
terminal flower (contrary to the diagnosis of Bigelow) always expands first,
as it does in all the species of the genus, and the others follow irregularly.
All the forms are glandular, but the R. frondosus of Bigelow much less so.
The fruit is the same in all, ovoid-oblong, sometimes acute, half an inch
to nearly an inch in length, purple,-turning nearly black when fully ripe,
when it is sweet and well-flavored. In the Northern States it ripens in July
and August: in the Southern as early as June.—Blackberry-bush. High
Blackberry. °
18. R. Canadensis (Linn.): stem shrubby, ascending at the base, trailing
or procumbent, somewhat prickly; leaves 3-foliolate or pedately 5-6-folio-
late, glabrous or pubescent; leaflets oval, rhombic-ovate, or almost lanceolate,
mostly acute or acuminate, membranaceous, sharply and unequally
serrate, often somewhat incised ; petioles and peduncles naked, or armed with
bristly prickles; stipules linear, entire or serrate; flowers racemose or somewhat
corymbose, with leafy bracts, the lower peduncles- distant, the upper
Crowded ; petals (white) twice the length of the mucronate sepals; fruit very
large, black.—Linn.! spec._ 1. p. 494. R. proeumbens, Muhl. cat., &• fl.
Lancastr. ined. R. trivialis, Pursh; Tmr. ! fl. 1. p. 489 ; Bigel P c •
Hook. & l. c. ; Darlingt. ! fl. Cest. p. 308 ; not of Michx. ’ R. flageliariV
Willd. ! enum. 1. p. 549. R. argutus, Link, enum. 2. p. 60.
Fields and barren or rocky soils, Canada ! Newfoundland ! and Northern
States ! to the Alleghany Mountains in Virginia. May— Flowers smaller
than m R. villosus. Pedicels and calyx often slightly glandular; sepals tomentose
inside-and along the margin. Fruit roundish or oblong, obtuse half
ail inch to an inch in diameter, with large grains,, black, very sweet and iuiev
when mature; ripening in July and August. When it grows in shady or
moist places, the fruit is smaller and sour.—Law Blackberry. Dewberry__
It is not easy always to distinguish this species from the smoother And
prostrate farms of R. villosus, and yet no one can doubt that they are distinct
species. The leaflets are frequently 5 in number, and are then narrower •
but we have never observed as many as 7 or 10 ; neither are they to be
found m Linnaeus’s specimen of R. Canadensis, which was erroneously described
m this respect from the circumstance of two leaves overlying each
boton-sts 6nCe ^ LmnaSan sPecies has not been recognized by succeeding
i P h i^ d u s (Linn.) : stems slender, prostrate, somewhat shrubby
clothed with retrorse bristles or weak prickles; leaves 3- (rarely pedately 5-V
foliolate, mostly persistent; leaflets rather coriaceous, obovate, commonly
obtuse, coarsely and unequally serrate, entire towards the base, glabrous •
stipules linear; peduncles naked, mostly corymbosely several-flowered, often
bristly ; pedicels filiform; flowers sm a ll; petals (white) obovate or oblomr-
obovate, twice the length of the very spreading sepals ; fruit small, blackish