in D C .! prodr. 2. p. 542 (& 0. tomentella); Hoolc. ! Jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p.
171; Darlingt. Jl. Cest. p. 298. r
0. mollis : leaves tomentose beneath with a stellate pubescence ; the lobes
often elongated, acute, and somewhat incised ; pedicels and calyx tomentose.
—Hook. ! 1. c., Sf hot. Beechey, suppl. p. 338. S. capitata, Pursh, Jl. 1. p.
342. S. ribifolia, Nutt. ! mss. x
y. pauciflora : leaves smaller, nearly glabrous ; corymbs few-flowered;
carpels 2-4, or sometimes solitary, tomentose.—IToo7c. 1. c .. S. monogyna
Torr. ! in ann. lyc. New York, 2 p. 194. S. pauciflora, Nutt.! mss. .
e. ferruginea (Nutt.! mss.): leaves and branchlets tomentose throughout
with a brownish stellate pubescence ; carpels glabrous.
Banks of streams, Canada ! (as-far north as the Saskatchawan) to Geor-
gi9.. and Missouri! Oregon ! and California ! y. Rocky Mountains in
about lat. 40°, Dr. James! Blue Mountains, Oregon Territory, Nuttall!
and at Kettle Falls of the Oregon, Douglas, c. Florida and Georgia, Nuttall!
and Alabama, Dr. Leavenworth, ex Nutt. June.—Stem 3-5 feet high; the
old bark loose and detaching itself. Petals white or tinged with purple
showy. Seeds very bitter.—Nine-bark,
§ 2. Flowers perfect: disk free at the margin, mostly crenate or with glandular
teeth or lobes: carpels distinct, 'not inflated : ovules mostly several, pendulous
: seeds mostly with a loose membranous testa, attenuate at each end:
shrubs with entire or serrate exstipulate leaves.—E uspirjea.
* Flowers in fastigiate compound corymbs : ovules 5-8.
2. S. betulafolia (Pallas): leaves broadly oval, or ovate, glabrous, on short
petioles, serrate, often slightly incised, the lower ones sometimes nearly entire
; corymbs compound, fastigiate, many-flowered, often leafy; segments
of the calyx as long as the tube ; carpels 5, glabrous.—Pall. Jl. Ross. t. 16 ;
Seringe, in DC. prodr. 2. p. 554 ; Hook. ! fl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 172. S. cha-
madrifolia, Pursh ; Cham. 8f Schlecht! in Linncea, 2. p. 2 (ex auct. 1. c. 6.
p. 589); Hook. 1. c.
0. leaves elliptical (small), glabrous or a little pubescent; ovaries (always
?) pubescent.—S. chamsedrifolia 0. Hook. Sr Am. ! ! bot. Beechey, v.
123. S. chamEedrifolia, Pall. 1. c. ? not of Linn.! J 1
N. W. Coast !. to the Blue Mountains of Oregon ! and the Rocky Mountains
in lat 52°-54°. 0. Kotzebue’s Sound, Capt. Beechey!—Stem 8-20
inches high ; the branches erect, reddish or purplish, glabrous. Leaves 1-2
inches long, often acute at the base, Serrate throughout or sometimes entire
towards the base. Flowers white, much crowded on the branches of the
broad and flat corymb.—The S. densiflora, Nutt. ! mss. seems only to differ
from the ordinary forms of this rather variable but well-marked species, in
having pale rose-colored petals. S. chamaedrifolia, Linn, is not a North
American plant. Small specimens of this species have been mistaken for
it, probably on account of their agreement with the figure of Pallas under
this name, but the original plant of Gmelin is wholly different, and belongs
to the section Chamaedryon, where Seringe has placed it, having the simple
umbel-like corymbs of S. hypericifolia, &c. We have not at hand the
figure in the Botanical Register, but conclude from Hooker’s remark that Dr.
Lindley has taken the same view of the species.
3. S. corymbosa (Raf.): minutely pubescent or glabrous; leaves oval or
ovate, on short petioles, whitish beneath, entire towards the base, unequally
and often doubly serrate towards the apex; corymbs large, pedunculate,
several times compound, fastigiate, many-flowered, often leafy; segments
of the calyx broad, shorter than the tube; carpels 3-5, glabrous.—Raf. !
prec. decouv., Sf in Desv. jour. bot. 1814, p. 168; Torr.! Jl. 1. p. 4 8 2 ;
Seringe, l. c .; not of Muhl. S. chamaedrifolia, Pursh, l. c., not of Linn.
S. ceanothifolia, Hornem. hort. Hafn. 1 S. cratsegifolia, Link. enum. ? S.
betulaefolia, Wats, dendrol. t. 67.
Canada? Mountains of Pennsylvania! Virginia! Georgia! and Kentucky
! May-June.—Stem 1-2 feet high, the branches reddish. Leaves
2-3 inches long, sometimes incisely toothed above, rarely almost entire.
Corymb 3-4 inches broad, 4-5 times compound ; the flowers (white or rose-
color) crowded on the ultimate divisions.—Perhaps not sufficiently distinct
from S. betulaefolia, from which it chiefly'differs in its larger leaves, more
compound pedunculate corymbs, and shorter calyx-segments; but Mr.
Nuttall’s specimen of S. densiflora, from Oregon, approaches i t ; and a
specimen from Hooker, collected in Franklin’s second over-land journey, is
certainly our plant.
* * Flowers in dense panicles : calyx-segments triangular, reflexed : ovules 9—11.
4. S. salicifolia (Linn.): nearly glabrous; leaves lanceolate or obovate-
oblong, simply or doubly serrate; racemes in a crowded panicle; carpels
5, glabrous.—Linn. 1. c .; Pall. Jl. Ross. t. 2 1 ; Willd. ! spec. 2. p. 1055.
0. lanceolata: leaves lanceolate, often entire towards the base ; panicle
small, simple, loose ; flowers white. .
y. paniculata (Ait.): leaves ovate-oblong; branches of the panicle divaricate
or spreading; flowers white.—S. alba, Du R oi; Ehrh.; Wats, dendrol.
t. 133.
5. latifolia (Ait.): leaves obovate or obovate-oblong; panicle compound,
loose ; flowers white or pale rose-color.—S. salicifolia, Michx.! 1. c. ; Torr. !
Jl. 1. p. 481 ; Darlingt. l. c. S. alba, Bigel. Jl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 197. S.
carpinifolia, Willd. ! enum. 1. p. 540.
Swampy thickets and along streams, Newfoundland ! and the Saskatchawan
! to Georgia ! common. June-July.—Stem 2—5 feet high; the branches
usually purplish. Leaves variable in shape, pale or glaucous beneath.—
Queen-of-the-meadow. Meadow-sweet.
5. S. tomentosa (Linn.): branches, panicles, and lower surface, of the
leaves lanuginous-tomentose and rusty-colored; leaves ovate or oblong, on
very short petioles, crowded, unequally serrate; racemes short, dense, very
numerous, aggregated into a close virgate panicle ; carpels 5, tomentose,
spreading.—Linn.! 1. c. Michx.! 1. c. ; Willd.! spec. 2.p. 1056,- Seringe,
in DC.! 1. c.; Hook.! 1. c.
Low grounds, Canada! (from Lake Winipeg) to Georgia! & Kentucky.
July.—Stems 2-3 feet high. Flowers small, flesh-colored or pale purple.
Seeds subulate at each end.—Hard-hack.
6. S. Douglasii (Hook.)young branches, panicle, and lower surface of
the leaves canescently tomentose; leaves oblong or elliptical, unequally
serrate towards the apex ; panicles densely-flowered, oblong, obtuse ; flowers
small; stamens twice the length of the petals ; carpels 5, glabrous and
shining.—Hook. ! Jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 172.
Plains of the Oregon near the sea, and Straits of Da Fuca, Douglas !
Dr. Scouler ! Nuttall! July.—Nearly allied to S. tomentosa, but well
distinguished by the characters indicated by Hooker : the tomentum is always
white.
7. S. Menziesii (Hook.): upper branches, peduncles, and calyx slightly
pubescent; leaves elliptical, coarsely and unequally serrate towards the