segments 2-4 inches long and 1-2 inches wide, acute. Fruit one-third of an
inch long, dark olive when mature, With paler slightly prominent ribs,
crowned with the styles, which are about one-third the length of the carpels.
16. ZIZIA. Koch, Umb. p. 129 ; DC. prodr. A. p. 99. (exci. spec.)
Pentacrypta, Lehm.?
Margin of the calyx obsolete, or with 5 very short teeth. . Petals oblong,
with a long indexed point.. Fruit contracted laterally, somewhat didymous,
roundish or oval. . Carpels, with 5 filiform more or less prominent (but not
winged) e.qual ribs; the lateral ones marginal: intervals with 1-3 vittse.
Commissure with 2-4 vittas. ' Carpophore 2-parted. Seed very convex on
the back, flat on the face.—Perennial (North American) herbs. Leaves
■ ternately or biternately divided; the segments oblong or ovate. Involucre
none. Involucels few-leaved. Flowers yellow.
§ *1. Carpels icith .prominent ribs: intervals with single vittce: commissure
with 2 vittce.—Euzizia. •
1. Z. aurea (Koch): segments of the leaves oblong-lanceolate, serrate; the
terminal one attenuate at the base.—DC.! prodr. 4. p. 100; H o o k .ljl.
Bor.-Am. 1. pi 260 ; Darlingt.! Jl. Cest. p. 185.' Smyrnium aureum,
Linn. spec. 1. p. 262 ; Michx. ! Jl. 1. p. 171; .Ell. sJc. 1. p. 359. Sison
aureus, Spreng. in.Schuli.syst. 6. p. 410 ; _Ibrr. ! Jl. If p, 305.
Woods and rocky hill-sides, Canada! to Georgia! and Louisiana! May.
-—Stem 1-2 feet'high, branching towards the summit. Segments of the
leaves 1-3 inches long ; the lateral. ones abruptly narrowed at the base; the
serratures with callous points. Umbel 10-15-rayed : partial rays 2-3: lines
in length. Involucels of 2-3 very small leaflets. Fruit elliptical, blackish
when mature ; the ribs angularly elevated.—We have from Mr. Nuttall and
Mr. Schweinitz specimens of a Zizia (without fruit) from North Carolina,
which they suppose to be the' Sispn trifoliatum of MichaUx, and which the
former botanist-considers a distinct species (Z. trifoliate, Nutt, mss. ) ; but we
cannot distinguish it from some' forms of undoubted Z. aurea. The S. trifo-
liatum, Michx., according to his own herbarium, seems not to be distinct from
his Smyrnium aureum.
§ 2. Carpels with slightly prominent ribs : intervals with 3 vittce: commissure
with 4 vittce.—TaiNidia.
2. Z. integerrima (DC.): segments of the leaves oblong-ovate, entire.—
DC. ! in mem. hist. nat. Genev. 4, Sf prodr. 4. p. 100 ; Darlingt. Jl. Cest. p.
187. Smyrnium integerrimum, Linn. ! spec. 1. p. 263 ; Michx. ! t .. c. ;
Ell. 1. c .; Nutt. gen. 1. p. 195. Sison integerriinus, Spreng. 1. c .; Torr. !
Jl. 1. p. 305.' . .
R o c k y woods and hill-sides, Michigan! New. York ! to Georgia'and Arkansas
! May-June.—Plant glabrous and slightly glaucous, 1-2 feet high.
Leaves 2-3-temately divided; the segments about an inch long, sometimes,
especially the terminal ohe, 2-3-lobed. Umbels on slender peduncles ; the
rays long and slender. Involucels minute,, of 1-3 subulate leaflets. Calyx
minutely 5-tpothed; the teeth at length deciduous. Fruit roundish-ovate,
dark brown, neatly two lines long; the ribs very slightly prominent except
in the dried- state.—The fruit of this species, as well as its general appearance,
differs so much from the preceding that it should probably be separated
as a distinct genus.
T r ib e IV. SESELINEiE. Koch; DC.
Transverse section o f the fruit orbicular or nearly so. Carpels
with 5 filiform or winged ribs, o f which the lateral ones are marginal,
and either equal with or a little broadér than the others.
Intervals with one or more vittse, very rarely without any. Seed
somewhat teretely convex on the back, flattish on the face.— Umbels
perfectly compound;
17; THASPIUM. Nutt, gen.-1. p. 196; DC. prodr. 4. p. 153,
Calyx-teeth lanceolate, or nearly obsolete. Petals elliptical, attenuated
into a long inflex'ed point. Styles slender, as long as the ovary, somewhat
diverging. Fruit not contracted at the sides, elliptical. Carpels convex,
with 5 winged mostly equal ribs. Intervals striate, with single vittee. Commissure
with 2 vittse. Seed somewhat terete.'—Perennial herbs. Leaves
ternately or biternately divided; the radical ones sometimes undivided.
Umbels terminal and opposite the leaves, without an involucre. Involucels
3-leaved, lateral. Flowers yellow or purple.
These plants accord in habit with Zizia (Z. aurea), from which Thaspium
aureum is only to be distinguished by the fruit. Should the character of the genus
hè extended so aë to include Zizia aurea, the latter name (Koch’s character being
changed), might be retained for Z. (Tsenidia) integerrima, which on this account
we have still left in connexion with Zizia.
1. T. cordatum-. radical leavesusually simple, cordate, crenately toothed;
cauline ones ternately divided; the segments ovate or ovate-oblong, serrate;
winged ribs of the carpels equal.
a. flowers yellow.—Smyrnium cordatum, Walt. Car. p. 114; Michx'.!
Jl. 1. p. 170; Ell. sJc. 1. p. 359; Torr. ! Jl. 1. p. 307. S. trifoliatum, Nutt,
gen- 1. p. 195, excl. syn. Linn. Zizia cordata, Koch, Umb. p. 129, ex DC.
prodr. 4. p. 100; Hook.jt. Bor.-Am. 1 .p. 260 ; Darlingt. Jl. Cest.p. 186;
Hook. Sf Am. bot. Beeckey, swppl. p. 347.
0. flowers dark purple.—Thapsia trifoliata, Linn.! spec. 1. p. 262. Smyrnium
atropurpureum, Lam. diet. 3. p. 667; Pursh. Jl. 1. p. 196. Thaspium
atropurpureum, Nutt. ! gen.'l. 'p. 196; DC. prodr. 4. p. 154. Cnidium
atropurpureum, Spreng. in Schuit, syst. 6. p. 418 ; Torr.! jl. T. p. 307-
Woods, particularly along the banks of rivers, and in fields, Canada!
and Saskatchawan, to Florida! and Louisiana! Oregon, Mr. Tolmie. /?.
New Jersey ! and Pennsylvania! May-June.—Plant 1-2 feet high, usually
glabrous, but sometimes minutely pubescent. Radical leaves 1—4 inches in
diameter, sometimes lobed or 2-3-parted, on long petioles; the lower cauline
ones on petioles 1-2 inches long; the uppermost ones nearly sessile : segments
1-3 inches long. Umbels with 9—12 rays,-which are thick and scarcely
more than an inch in length. Umbellets crowded. Involucels of 1-3 minute
leaflets. Flowers in 0. at first greenish, but at length dark purple. Fruit
broadly ovate, dark purple with pale marginal ribs ; the commissure broad.