§ 1. Cells o f the capsule 1 -seeded.—Pentaspermum, DC.
1. II. Virginicus (Linn.) : scabrous-tomentose; leaves cordate-ovate, acuminate,
unequally serrate-toothed; upper ones undivided, lower ones 3-lobed;
pedicels longer than the petioles; flowers in paniculate racemes, nodding;
column declined.—“ Jacq. ic. rpir. 1 .1. 142;” Michx. I f l . 2. p. 46; Ell. sh,
2. P- 168; DC. prodr. 1. p. 447. H. clypeatus, Walt. Car. p. 177.
Borders of marshes, particularly near salt water. Long Island ! to Florida !
and west to New Orleans!— If Stem 2-4 feet high. Leaves 2-2 J inches
long, l i inch wide, those about the middle of the stem more or less 3-lobed,
Flowers more than 2 inches in diameter: peduncles 1-2 inches long. Invor
lucel of 8-9 subulate leaves. Petals rose-color, obovate-cuneate, hirsute externally
on one side. Column very slender, shorter than the corolla, anther
riferous above the middle. Capsule hispid, the angles very acute. Seeds
glabrous : radicle inferior.
§ 2. Cells o f the capsule many-seeded; seeds glabrous: involucel 4- 6-
leaved: calyx spathaceous, 5-toothed, split on one side.—Manihot, DC.
2. H. Manihot (Linn.): stem and petioles not prickly: leaves palmately
divided; lobes 5-7, linear, acuminate, coarsely toothed; peduncles hispid;
declined; leaves of the involucel ovate or lanceolate, persistent, entire ; capsule
very hirsute, acuminate— Michx.! fl. 2. p. 45; Pursh.Jl. 2. p. 457 ;
DC. prodr. p. 448. * 1
Banks of the Mississippi, Michaux ! Drummond ! Introduced 7— 21
Leaves parted nearly to the base; the lobes often a foot in length, toothed
toward the summit. Flowers 6 inches or more in diameter, sulphur-yellow,
purple in the centre, Petals roundish, abruptly narrowed at the base. Invo-
lucel somewhat hispid. Calyx split on one side the whole length, with 5
short teeth at the summit. Column about one-third the length of the corolla,
antheriferous nearly the whole length.
§ 3. Cells o f the capsule many-seeded: seeds glabrous: leaves o f the involucel
distinct, divaricately forked, or with a large tooth or other appendage
: calyx not inflated,—Furcaria, DC.
3. H. aculeatus (Walt.): very scabrous; lower leaves palmately 3-5-lobed;
fhe lobes obovate, repand-toothed; flowers axillary at the upper part of the
branches; peduncles short; calyx very hispid; leaves of the involucel linear,
bidentate, with a leafy appendage on the back above the middle.— Walt. Car.
p. 177. H. scaber, Michx. ! fl. 2. p. 45; Pursh,fl. 2. p. 457; Ell, sk. 2. p,
169 ; DC. prodr. l.p . 449.
Damp soils, usually near salt water, South Carolina, Georgia! Florida!
find Alabama! June-Sept.— 2f Stem 4-7 feet high/and, as well as the
petioles and peduncles, rough with minute stellate recurved prickles. Lowest
leaves (according to Walter) cordate and angular; upper ones deeply
3-lobed, the lateral lobes 2-cleft, rough with stellate rigid hairs, interspersed
with minute prickles : petioles mostly longer than the lamina. Peduncles
2-3 lines long. Floyvers as large as in Althaea rosea, sulphur-yellow,
with a deep purple centre, often drying greenish. Leaves of the involucel
10-12, incurved; minutely 2- (sometimes 3-) dentate at the summit; appendage
oblong, spreading. Sepals acutely triangular, the strong middle and
marginal ribs armed with almost prickly hairs. Capsule ovate, hairy.—The
name of Walter, although perhaps not so strijungly appropriate as that of
iVlichaux, is necessarily restored,
§ 4. Cells o f the capsule many-seeded : seeds glabrous, or with a villous
dorsal line : leaves o f the involucel 8-15, distinct, entire. Abelmos-
chus, DC.
4 H. Collinsiana (Nutt, mss.) : lowest leaves obtusely 5-lobed; upper
ones pedately 5-parted; the lobes linear-oblanceolate, acuminate, coarsely
■toothed ; petiole as long as the lamina ; flowers on short pedudcles; leaves
of the involucel 10- 12; calyx spathaceous, 5-toothed, cleft on one side.
West Florida, Mr. Ware (fide Nutt. ) ; Tampa Bay, Dr. Burrows !—
Leaves 6-8 inches in diameter, sparsely hirsute; lowest ones angularly
5-lobed *. upper ones parted nearly to the base / the 3 middle lobes about 6
inches in length and about an inch wide, often incisely toothed, acuminate;
lateral lobes much shorter: petioles hispid. Peduncles about y of an
inch long, and as well as the involucel and calyx hispid. Corolla as large as
in H. esculentus, yellow? (green in dried specimens.) Capsule not seen.—
Nearly allied to H. esculentus; but differs in its deeply divided leaves. Mr.
Nuttall informs us that he has seen the same species from Surinam.
5. H. Moscheutos (Linn.) : leaves ovate, acuminate, serrate, often 3-lobed,
whitish-tomentose beneath, somewhat scabrous-pubescent above ; peduncles
(T-flowered) and petioles often united.— Cav. diss. 3. t. 65.fl 1 (f 2; Michx.J
fl 2 p 47 ; Bot. mag. t. 882 ; Pursh,fl. 2. p. 455; Ell. sk. 2. p. 165; DC.
prodr. l.p . 450; Hook.fl. Bor.-Am. l.p . 107. H. palustris, Linn. % most
o f the preceding authors.
Borders of marshes, particularly near the salt water, Canada! and
throughout the United States! Aug.-Sept— If Stem 3-5-feet high, minutely
tomentose. Leaves about 5 inches long and 3 wide, rather obtuse at
the base -with a long acumination, often with 3 short .abruptly acuminate
lobes velvety-tomentose beneath. Peduncles axillary, 2 inches long, articu-
lated’a little below the flower, often coalescing with the petiole to a considerable
distance above the base. Flowers as large as in the common Hollyhock
rose-color, or sometimes nearly white, crimson at the centre. Petals
oboyate, retuse. Stamineal column J the length of the petals. Styles ex-
serted. ’ Capsule as large as in H. Syriacus.—From numerous observations,
we are convinced that H. Moscheutos and H. palustris are not distinct species.
It is not uncommon to find the peduncles and petioles both distinct
6 . H.incanus (Wendl.): leaves ovate, acuminate, obtusely serrate, whitish
velvety on both surfaces; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered, often confluent
with the petiole at the base—“ Wendl. hort. Herr. 4. t. 24;” Willd. sp. 3.
p 807 ; Pursh, fl. 2. p. 455 ; DC. prodr. 1. p. 451.
Carolina, Wdldenow; Middle Florida, Dr. Chapman! Croom! Red
River, Louisiana, Dr. Hale.'— 2f Stem tall, minutely tomentose. Leaves
often more or less cordate, not lobed, 4-6 inches long. Peduncles about as
long as the petioles, jointed near the middle. Flowers very large “sulphur-
yellow” ( Willd. and so they are in our dried specimens), purplish at the
centre.—Near the preceding species, but quite distinct.
7. II. Carolinianus. (Muhl.) : leaves cordate, ovate, acuminate, glabrous
on both surfaces, sometimes slightly 3-lobed ; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered ;
seeds hispid. Ell.—Muhl. cat. p. 65?; Ell. sk, 2. p. 168.
Wilmington Island, Georgia, E llio tt— Stem 4-6 feet high, glabrous.
Leaves large (sometimes 6 inches long), obscurely 3-lobed when old; veins
prominent on the under surface: petioles as long as the leaves. Peduncles
2-3 inches long, slightly adhering to the petiole. Involucel 12-leaved. Calyx
somewhat scabrous. Petals purple, 4 inches long, glabrous outside,
pubescent within. Capsule nearly globose, hairy on the mside. Seeds