very variable in quality. The flowers are much smaller than in P.
Americana.
3. P. glandulosa (Hook.): low, sonfewhat thorny; branches pubescent
and crooked; leaves (small) pubescent, oval, obtuse, often narrowed at the
base, the serratures, as well as those of the calyx-segments, spreading and
very glandular ; umbels 1—2-flowered; ovary pubescent; style elongated;
fruit unknown.—Hook.! icon. t. 288.
Texas, Drummond !—Shrub apparently a foot or less in height, with very
crooked branches. Leaves scarcely an inch in length, rather smooth above.
Flowers small.
4. P. mantima (Wang.): low; branches seldom thorny; leaves oval,
ovate, or somewhat obovate, mostly somewhat acuminate, finely and sharply
serrate; petioles mostly biglandular; umbels few-flowered ; pedicels short,
somewhat pubescent; fruit subglobose (red or purple), covered with a
bloom.
o. leaves softly pubescent or tomentose beneath ; fruit large, pleasant.—
P , maritima, Wang. Amer. p. 103 ; W illd .! enum. 1. p. 519; DC. 1. c.
P . sphserocarpa, Michx. ! ji. 1. p. 284. P. pubescens, Pursh, fl. 1. p.
331 (quoad syn.) P. littoralis, Bigel. ! Jl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 193. Cerasus
pubescens, Seringe, in DC. prodr. 2. p. 538.
/?. leaves when old mostly glabrous on both sides; fruit smaller, red or
purplish.—P. pygmsea, Willd. spec. 2. p . 993, &f enum. 1. p. 518. P.
dechnata, Marsh, arhust. ? P. acuminata, Michx.! 1. c. (charac. bad.)
Cerasus pygmsea, Loisel.; DC. 1. c.
Sandy sea-coast, Massachusetts ! to New Jersey! p. Sandy barrens near
the coast or with the preceding, Long Island! and New Jersey! to Virginia.
Also Alabama, Mr. Buckley ! April-May.—A low shrub with stout straggling
branches. Leaves singly or doubly serrate, sometimes obtuse or with
a slight acumination, frequently acute. Fruit often an inch in diameter
and pleasant to the taste ; and sometimes even on the same stem smaller,
acerb and astringent.—The two forms here described may be traced into
each other with great certainty ; and Bigelow seems to have included both
under his P. littoralis. The fruit of our /?. is sometimes scarcely half an
inch in diameter, and often pretty well-flavoured ; but it is only on a warm
sandy beach that it arrives to perfection. Pursh has evidently confounded
this plant with P. Americana, as Elliott remarks, and to that the fragments
in his herbarium seem, in part, to belong.—Beach Plum. Sand Plum.
t Introduced Species.
5. P. spinosa (Linn.) : branches thorny; pedicels solitary; calyx cam-
panulate ; the lobes obtuse, longer than the tube ; leaves obovate-elliptical or
ovate, pubescent beneath, sharply and doubly toothed ; drupe globose. Seringe.—
Vahl,fl. Dan. t. 926 ; Pursh, Jl. 1. p. 333 ; DC. prodr. 2. p. 532 ;
Hook. jl. Bor.-Am. 1. p. 167.
In hedge-rows and cultivated grounds, introduced from Europe, and naturalized
in some parts of Pennsylvania, according to Pursh, &c.—Black
Thorn. Sloe.
P. Canadensis (Linn. spec. ed. 2.) must doubtless be suppressed. The specimen
in the herbarium of Linneeus from which the character, as to the leaves, seems to
have been drawn, has neither flowers norfruit, and appears to belong to P. Americana,
Marsh., but that species has not racemose flowers. The specimen appended
to this, named by the younger Linneeus “ Americana,” and referred by some person
to “ C. racemosa, foliis amygdalinis Americana,” Pluk, aim. t. 158, ƒ. 4, iB
Cerasus serotina: but the figure of Plukenet (leaves only) belongs to something apparently
different, and the specimen is not to be found in his herbarium. Another
specimen, labelled by Linnteus “ Canadensis, Hort. Ups." is the P. pumiJa,
Linn, mant., to which the synonym of Duhamel is subsequently referred.
3. CERASUS. Juss. gen. p. 340; DC. prodr. 2. p. 535.
Flowers as in Prunus. Drupe globose, fleshy, destitute of bloom ; the nucleus
or stone mostly globose, smooth.—Trees or shrubs. Leaves condupli-
cate in vernation.— Cherry.
§ 1. Flowers from lateral leafless buds, appearing before or with the leaves:
pedicels umbellate-fascicled (as in Prunus), or corymbose.—E ucerasus.
Cerasophora and some species of Laurocerasus, DC.
1. C. pumila (Michx.): depressed-prostrate; leaves oblanceolate, obovate-
lanceolate, or sometimes oval, acute or obtuse, slightly and sparsely serrate,
glabrous, whitish beneath; umbels sessile, few-flowered; drupes ovoid.—
Michx. ! fl. 1. p. 286; Seringe, in DC. ! prodr. 2. p. 537 ; Hook. fl. Bor.-
Am. 1. p. 168. C. depressa, Seringe, l. c .; Hook. ! I. c. Prunus pumila,
Lin n .! mant. p. 75 (excl. syn. ?); Willd. ! spec. 2. p. 990 ; Pursh ! fl. 1.
p. 538; T o r r.lfl. 1. p. 470 ; Cwimp. Otto, 8f Hayne, holz. 1.119. P. depressa,
Pursh, l. c .; Bigel. ! fl. Bost. ed. 2. p. 192. P . Susquehannse,
Willd. ! enum. 1. p, 519. P. cuneata, Raf. ann. hat. p. 11.
Rocky or sandy shores of lakes and streams, Canada ! as far north as the
Saskatchawan ! and Hudson’s Bay ! to Virginia. West to Missouri! and
Arkansas ! May.—Stems trailing; the ascending branches 3 or 4 to 20 inches
high. Leaves variable in form. Fruit about the size of C. serotina, dark
red, edible.—Sand Cherry. -■
2. C. Pennsylvania (Lois.?): leaves oval or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate,
membranaceous, finely serrate, the teeth mostly glandular, glabrous and
shining when old, mostly biglandular at the base; umbels somewhat pedunculate
and corymbose, many-flowered; the pedicels long and slender ; drupe
small, ovoid-subglobose.—Seringe, in DC. 1. c. (quoad syn.) ; Hook. ! fl.
Bor.-Am. l.y>. 168. C. borealis, Michx.! fl. 1. p. 286; Michx. f l sylv. 2.
p. 212, t. 90 ; Seringe! l.c. Prunus Pennsylvania, L in n .! suppl. p. 252 ;
A it.! Kew. (ed. 1.) 2. p. 165; Willd,! spec. 2. p . 992; Torr.! fl. 1. c.
P. lanceolata, Willd. ! arb. t. 3, ƒ. 3. P. borealis, Pursh, l. c .; Bigel. 1. c.
Saskatchawan ! and Newfoundland to Virginia! North Western States !
to the northern part of the Rocky Mountains. April-May.—A small tree,
with reddish bark, marked with white dots, and regular branches. Leaves
when fully grown 2-5 inches long; the margins very glandular. Fruit
small, red, edible, but austere.—The fruit of this species is said by Pursh to
be called Choke-cherries :■ but this name is ordinarily applied to a different
species ; and the present is called Wild Red Cherry or Bird Cherry.
3. C. umbellata (Ell. under Prunus) : umbels terminal, many-flow'ered;
leaves lanceolate, slightly acuminate, serrulate, glabrous, with 2 glands at
the base; calyx pubescent. Ell. sk. 1. p. 541.
“ In verydry sandy soils. March. (Ripens its fruit in July and August.)—
A small tree with expanding branches, forming a compact round head. . .
Leaves short, generally with a slight acumination. Flowers in fascicles,
terminating the rigid lateral branches. Peduncles about an inch long. . .
Fruit small, spherical, red (pleasantly acid, and is employed in preserves)
Its flowers always expand and fall before the leaves unfold.” Elliott,
52